Retrospective Observational Analysis of Computed Tomography Scans of Trauma Patients in Overseas Operations (SCANOPEX Study).

Introduction: High-intensity conflicts are on Europe's doorstep. The French expertise in the medical management of frontline casualties in overseas operations is well established. However, in the management of severe trauma, we lack data on the injuries identified by body scanners in the field.

Availability, accessibility and use of antivenom for snakebite envenomation in Africa with proposed strategies to overcome the limitations.

Africa remains one of the regions with the highest incident and burden of snakebite. The goal of the World Health Organization to halve the global burden of snakebite by 2030 can only be achieved if sub-optimal access to antivenoms in the most affected regions is addressed. We identified upstream, midstream, and downstream factors along the antivenom value chain that prevent access to antivenoms in the African region.

Corrigendum to "Snakebite envenoming in humanitarian crises and migration: A scoping review and the Médecins Sans Frontières experience" [Toxicon: X 13 (March 2022) 100089].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.

Reviewing evidence of the clinical effectiveness of commercially available antivenoms in sub-Saharan Africa identifies the need for a multi-centre, multi-antivenom clinical trial.

Background: Snakebite envenoming kills more than more than 20,000 people in Sub-Saharan Africa every year. Poorly regulated markets have been inundated with low-price, low-quality antivenoms. This review aimed to systematically collect and analyse the clinical data on all antivenom products now available in markets of sub-Saharan Africa.

Exploring global and country-level barriers to an effective supply of leishmaniasis medicines and diagnostics in eastern Africa: a qualitative study.

Objectives: To understand stakeholders' perceptions of the access barriers to quality-assured diagnostics and medicines for leishmaniasis in the high-burden region of eastern Africa, and to identify key bottlenecks to improve the supply of commodities for neglected tropical diseases.

Design: Desk reviews and qualitative in-depth interview study with purposive sampling.

Methods: A landscape analysis through literature and desk review was performed.

Knowledge, attitude and practices of snakebite management amongst health workers in Cameroon: Need for continuous training and capacity building.

Background: Snakebite has only recently been recognized as a neglected tropical disease by the WHO. Knowledge regarding snakebites and its care is poor both at the population level, and at the health care staff level. The goal of this study was to describe the level of knowledge and clinical practice regarding snakebite among health care staff from Cameroon.

Uncharted territory of the epidemiological burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis in sub-Saharan Africa-A systematic review.

Introduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most frequent form of leishmaniasis, with 0.7 to 1.2 million cases per year globally.

Why miltefosine-a life-saving drug for leishmaniasis-is unavailable to people who need it the most.

Miltefosine, the only oral drug approved for the treatment of leishmaniasis-a parasitic disease transmitted by sandflies-is considered as a success story of research and development (R&D) by a public-private partnership (PPP). It epitomises the multiple market failures faced by a neglected disease drug: patients with low ability to pay, neglect by authorities and uncertain market size. Originally developed as an anticancer agent in the 1990s, the drug was registered in India in 2002 to treat the fatal visceral leishmaniasis.

Economic impact of thermostable vaccines.

Background: While our previous work has shown that replacing existing vaccines with thermostable vaccines can relieve bottlenecks in vaccine supply chains and thus increase vaccine availability, the question remains whether this benefit would outweigh the additional cost of thermostable formulations.

Methods: Using HERMES simulation models of the vaccine supply chains for the Republic of Benin, the state of Bihar (India), and Niger, we simulated replacing different existing vaccines with thermostable formulations and determined the resulting clinical and economic impact. Costs measured included the costs of vaccines, logistics, and disease outcomes averted.

Visceral leishmaniasis in Somalia: A review of epidemiology and access to care.

Somalia, ravaged by conflict since 1991, has areas endemic for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a deadly parasitic disease affecting the rural poor, internally displaced, and pastoralists. Very little is known about VL burden in Somalia, where the protracted crisis hampers access to health care. We reviewed evidence about VL epidemiology in Somalia and appraised control options within the context of this fragile state's health system.

Effect of Artesunate-Amodiaquine on Mortality Related to Ebola Virus Disease.

Background: Malaria treatment is recommended for patients with suspected Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa, whether systeomatically or based on confirmed malaria diagnosis. At the Ebola treatment center in Foya, Lofa County, Liberia, the supply of artemether-lumefantrine, a first-line antimalarial combination drug, ran out for a 12-day period in August 2014. During this time, patients received the combination drug artesunate-amodiaquine; amodiaquine is a compound with anti-Ebola virus activity in vitro.

Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter-Related Infections in a Cohort of Hospitalized Adult Patients.

Purpose: To determine the incidence and the risks factors of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)-related infectious complications.

Materials And Methods: Medical charts of every in-patient that underwent a PICC insertion in our hospital between January 2010 and October 2013 were reviewed. All PICC-related infections were recorded and categorized as catheter-related bloodstream infections (CR-BSI), exit-site infections, and septic thrombophlebitis.

Evaluation of PICC complications in orthopedic inpatients with bone infection for long-term intravenous antibiotics therapy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the complications of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in orthopedic patients with chronic bone orthopedic infection.

Materials And Methods: The institutional review board approved this retrospective study and informed consent was waived. Records of 180 consecutives PICCs placed in patients hospitalized in the orthopedic surgery department were reviewed.

Treatment options for second-stage gambiense human African trypanosomiasis.

Treatment of second-stage gambiense human African trypanosomiasis relied on toxic arsenic-based derivatives for over 50 years. The availability and subsequent use of eflornithine, initially in monotherapy and more recently in combination with nifurtimox (NECT), has drastically improved the prognosis of treated patients. However, NECT logistic and nursing requirements remain obstacles to its deployment and use in peripheral health structures in rural sub-Saharan Africa.

Incidence of pulmonary cement embolism after real-time CT fluoroscopy-guided vertebroplasty.

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the incidence of pulmonary cement embolism (PCE) after vertebroplasty in procedures performed under real-time computed tomographic (CT) fluoroscopy guidance.

Materials And Methods: A total of 85 vertebroplasties were performed in 51 consecutive patients (31 women, 20 men; mean age, 71.9 y; range, 48-92 y) in 51 sessions.

Detection of myocardial edema with low-b-value diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging sequence in patients with acute myocarditis.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of a low-b-value diffusion-weighted (DW) echo-planar (EP) imaging sequence for detection of regional and diffuse myocardial edema in patients with acute myocarditis.

Materials And Methods: This study was approved by the institutional review board, and informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Thirteen patients with acute myocarditis and a control group of seven healthy adults underwent low-b-value (50 sec/mm(2)) DW cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.