Long-lived central memory γδ T cells confer protection against murine cytomegalovirus reinfection.

The involvement of γδ TCR-bearing lymphocytes in immunological memory has gained increasing interest due to their functional duality between adaptive and innate immunity. γδ T effector memory (TEM) and central memory (TCM) subsets have been identified, but their respective roles in memory responses are poorly understood. In the present study, we used subsequent mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infections of αβ T cell deficient mice in order to analyze the memory potential of γδ T cells.

The cell-assembled extracellular matrix: A focus on the storage stability and terminal sterilization of this human "bio" material.

The Cell-Assembled extracellular Matrix (CAM) is an attractive biomaterial because it provided the backbone of vascular grafts that were successfully implanted in patients, and because it can now be assembled in "human textiles". For future clinical development, it is important to consider key manufacturing questions. In this study, the impact of various storage conditions and sterilization methods were evaluated.

An EZH2 blocker sensitizes histone mutated diffuse midline glioma to cholesterol metabolism inhibitors through an off-target effect.

Background: Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3K27M-mutant (DMG) is a rare, highly aggressive pediatric tumor affecting the brainstem, and is one of the deadliest cancers. Currently available treatment options such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy do only modestly prolong survival. In this pathology, H3K27 mutations deregulate Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), including enzymatic activity of EZH2, which is therefore under investigation as a therapeutic target.

Lung Tumor Growth Promotion by Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines Involves the β2-Adrenergic Receptors-Dependent Stimulation of Mitochondrial REDOX Signaling.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and tobacco smoking is a recognized major risk factor for lung tumor development. We analyzed the effect of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) on human lung adenocarcinoma metabolic reprogramming, an emergent hallmark of carcinogenesis. A series of and bioenergetic, proteomic, metabolomic, and tumor biology studies were performed to analyze changes in lung cancer cell metabolism and the consequences for hallmarks of cancer, including tumor growth, cancer cell invasion, and redox signaling.

TGFβ promotes low IL10-producing ILC2 with profibrotic ability involved in skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis.

Objective: Innate lymphoid cells-2 (ILC2) were shown to be involved in the development of lung or hepatic fibrosis. We sought to explore the functional and phenotypic heterogeneity of ILC2 in skin fibrosis within systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods: Blood samples and skin biopsies from healthy donor or patients with SSc were analysed by immunostaining techniques.

In vivo remodeling of human cell-assembled extracellular matrix yarns.

Cell-assembled extracellular matrix (CAM) has been used to produce vascular grafts. While these completely biological vascular grafts performed well in clinical trials, the in vivo remodeling and inflammatory response of this truly "bio" material has not yet been investigated. In this study, human CAM yarns were implanted subcutaneously in nude rats to investigate the innate immune response to this matrix.

Targeting Human Lung Adenocarcinoma with a Suppressor of Mitochondrial Superoxide Production.

REDOX signaling from reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the mitochondria (mitochondrial reactive oxygen species [mtROS]) has been implicated in cancer growth and survival. Here, we investigated the effect of 5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (AOL), a recently characterized member of the new class of mtROS suppressors (S1QELs), on human lung adenocarcinoma proteome reprogramming, bioenergetics, and growth. AOL reduced steady-state cellular ROS levels in human lung cancer cells without altering the catalytic activity of complex I.

Uncovering the Anticancer Potential of Murine Cytomegalovirus against Human Colon Cancer Cells.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) components are often found in tumors, but the precise relationship between HCMV and cancer remains a matter of debate. Pro-tumor functions of HCMV were described in several studies, but an association between HCMV seropositivity and reduced cancer risk was also evidenced, presumably relying on recognition and killing of cancer cells by HCMV-induced lymphocytes. This study aimed at deciphering whether CMV influences cancer development in an immune-independent manner.

Nuclear control of lung cancer cells migration, invasion and bioenergetics by eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3F.

The basic understanding of the biological effects of eukaryotic translation initiation factors (EIFs) remains incomplete, notably for their roles independent of protein translation. Different EIFs exhibit nuclear localization and DNA-related functions have been proposed, but the understanding of EIFs novel functions beyond protein translation lacks of integrative analyses between the genomic and the proteomic levels. Here, the noncanonical function of EIF3F was studied in human lung adenocarcinoma by combining methods that revealed both the protein-protein and the protein-DNA interactions of this factor.

Verteporfin targeting YAP1/TAZ-TEAD transcriptional activity inhibits the tumorigenic properties of gastric cancer stem cells.

Gastric carcinomas (GC) are heterogeneous tumors, composed of a subpopulation of cluster of differentiation-44 (CD44)+ tumorigenic and chemoresistant cancer stem cells (CSC). YAP1 and TAZ oncoproteins (Y/T) interact with TEA domain family member 1 (TEAD) transcription factors to promote cell survival and proliferation in multiple tissues. Their activity and role in GC remain unclear.

Metformin can inhibit Helicobacter pylori growth.

Aim: Helicobacter pylori infection is a worldwide infection, its eradication rates with conventional therapies have fallen to unacceptable levels. In this context we were interested in metformin, to determine its effect on H. pylori growth.

Metformin targets gastric cancer stem cells.

Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and has still a poor prognosis. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are needed: among them, targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs) could offer new opportunities. The aim of our study was to evaluate the anti-tumoural effect of metformin on gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo and especially, to determine whether this molecule could target the gastric CSCs.

Deregulation of MicroRNAs in Gastric Lymphomagenesis Induced in the d3Tx Mouse Model of Infection.

infection is considered as an excellent model of chronic inflammation-induced tumor development. Our project focuses on gastric MALT lymphoma (GML) related to infection and mediated by the chronic inflammatory process initiated by the infection. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a new class of gene regulators, which play key roles in inflammation and carcinogenesis acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors.

A New Animal Model of Gastric Lymphomagenesis: APRIL Transgenic Mice Infected by Helicobacter Species.

APRIL is a member of the tumor necrosis factor cytokine family involved in the regulation of B-cell immunity. We present a study of the infection by Helicobacter species of transgenic (Tg) C57BL6 mice, ectopically expressing the human form of APRIL. Wild-type (WT) and APRIL Tg mice were infected with Helicobacter felis and Helicobacter pylori and compared with noninfected animals.

The Cytolethal Distending Toxin Subunit CdtB of Helicobacter Induces a Th17-related and Antimicrobial Signature in Intestinal and Hepatic Cells In Vitro.

Enterohepatic Helicobacter species are associated with several digestive diseases. Helicobacter pullorum is an emerging human foodborne pathogen, and Helicobacter hepaticus is a mouse pathogen; both species are associated with intestinal and/or hepatic diseases. They possess virulence factors, such as cytolethal distending toxin (CDT).

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Infections in Mice Lead to Tropism to the Reproductive Organs, and Horizontal and Vertical Transmission.

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, transmitted by the tsetse fly, is the main causative agent of Human African trypanosomosis in West Africa and poses a significant health risk to 70 million people. Disease progression varies depending on host immunity, but usually begins with a haemo-lymphatic phase, followed by parasite invasion of the central nervous system. In the current study, the tropism of T.

The susceptibility of Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei to isometamidium chloride and its synthetic impurities.

Since the 1950s, the chemotherapy of animal African trypanosomosis in cattle has essentially relied on only two compounds: isometamidium chloride (ISM), a phenanthridine, and diminazene aceturate, an aromatic diamidine. The commercial formulations of ISM, including Veridium(®) and Samorin(®), are a mixture of different compounds: ISM is the major component, mixed with the red isomer, blue isomer and disubstituted compound. To investigate the pharmacological effects of these individual compounds ISM, the blue and red isomers and the disubstituted compound were synthesised and purified by HPLC.

Trypanosoma vivax GM6 antigen: a candidate antigen for diagnosis of African animal trypanosomosis in cattle.

Background: Diagnosis of African animal trypanosomosis is vital to controlling this severe disease which hampers development across 10 million km(2) of Africa endemic to tsetse flies. Diagnosis at the point of treatment is currently dependent on parasite detection which is unreliable, and on clinical signs, which are common to several other prevalent bovine diseases.

Methodology/principle Findings: the repeat sequence of the GM6 antigen of Trypanosoma vivax (TvGM6), a flagellar-associated protein, was analysed from several isolates of T.