Utilization of peripheral glucose and lactate differences in the diagnosis of feline arterial thromboembolism: a multi-center study.

Objective: To establish lactate and glucose differences between affected and non-affected limbs in cats with feline arterial thromboembolism (FATE). To evaluate the correlation between these values and survival to discharge as well as congestive heart failure (CHF).

Methods: Blood glucose and lactate concentrations were prospectively obtained on admission from client-owned FATE cats and client-owned cats presented for other conditions.

Point-of-care viscoelastic coagulation monitoring device shows promise for informing resuscitation strategies in a canine hemorrhagic shock model.

Objective: To use a point-of-care viscoelastic coagulation monitoring device (VCM-Vet; Entegrion) and traditional tests to assess hemostatic changes during hemorrhagic shock in dogs.

Methods: 8 healthy, purpose-bred Beagles were enrolled in a hemorrhagic shock model conducted from September through December 2021. Dogs were anesthetized, had baseline hemostatic variables measured after blood pressure was stabilized at 70 to 80 mm Hg for 10 minutes (T1), had blood withdrawn from a jugular vein to achieve a mean blood pressure of 40 ± 5 mm Hg for 10 minutes (T2), were resuscitated with 100% shed blood, and then had hemostatic variables evaluated 10 minutes later (T3).

Sidestream dark field video microscopy demonstrates shelf-stable blood products preserve the endothelial glycocalyx in a canine hemorrhagic shock model.

Objective: To utilize sidestream dark field video microscopic technology to evaluate the endothelium in a canine hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation model.

Methods: 6 purpose-bred adult dogs were anesthetized, instrumented, and subjected to hemorrhagic shock from September 2021 through June 2022. Each dog was resuscitated with 5 resuscitation strategies in an experimental crossover design study: (1) lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution; (2) canine chilled whole blood (CWB); (3) canine fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and packed RBCs (pRBC); (4) canine freeze-dried plasma (FDP) and hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC); or (5) HBOC/FDP and canine lyophilized platelets.

Feline Aortic Thromboembolism: Recent advances and future prospects.

Practical Relevance: Feline aortic thromboembolism (FATE) is commonly encountered in clinical medicine, especially in emergency situations. This often devastating syndrome usually develops secondarily to severe heart disease, and has short- and long-term consequences.

Clinical Features: The clinical presentation of FATE is consistent with peripheral ischemic neuropathy, usually in both pelvic limbs.

Viscoelastic coagulation monitoring parameters in cats with acute arterial thromboembolism.

Background: Hypercoagulability has been documented in cats with cardiac disease. However, hemostatic parameters, including viscoelastic coagulation monitoring (VCM) have not been reported in cats with arterial thromboembolism (ATE).

Hypothesis/objectives: Compare VCM parameters in cats with acute cardiogenic ATE and in control cats.

Breaking barriers in trauma research: A narrative review of opportunities to leverage veterinary trauma for accelerated translation to clinical solutions for pets and people.

Trauma is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and companion animals. Recent efforts in procedural development, training, quality systems, data collection, and research have positively impacted patient outcomes; however, significant unmet need still exists. Coordinated efforts by collaborative, translational, multidisciplinary teams to advance trauma care and improve outcomes have the potential to benefit both human and veterinary patient populations.

Sidestream dark field imaging and biomarker evaluation reveal minimal significant changes to the microcirculation and glycocalyx in a canine hemorrhagic shock model.

Objective: To investigate the effects of hemorrhagic shock and fresh whole blood resuscitation on the microcirculation and endothelial glycocalyx using sidestream dark field (SDF) imaging and plasma biomarkers.

Animals: 8 purpose-bred dogs.

Methods: Pressure-targeted hemorrhagic shock was induced in anesthetized dogs.

Assessment of microcirculation variables and endothelial glycocalyx using sidestream dark field videomicroscopy in anesthetized dogs undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.

Introduction: To evaluate microcirculation and endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) variables using sidestream darkfield (SDF) videomicroscopy in canine cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Methods: Dogs undergoing CPB for surgical correction of naturally-occurring cardiac disease were prospectively included. Variables collected included patient demographics, underlying cardiac disease, red blood cell flow (Flow), 4-25 μm vessel density (Density), absolute capillary blood volume (CBVabs), relative capillary blood volume (CBVrel) and eGC width assessed by perfused boundary region (PBR).

Comparison of placement characteristics using two intraosseous devices in canine and feline cadavers by novice users.

Introduction: Intraosseous (IO) catheterization enables rapid access to systemic circulation in critical patients. A battery-powered IO device (BPIO) utilized in veterinary practice is reliable in facilitating IO catheter placement. A new spring-powered IO device (SPIO) has been developed for people but has not been tested in veterinary patients.

Thromboelastographic results and hypercoagulability in dogs with surgically treated hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma: A Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology prospective study.

Background: The most common haemostatic abnormality in dogs with cancer is hypercoagulability. A transient hypercoagulability has been documented in people with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that resolves within weeks following hepatic tumour resection.

Objective: The objective was to compare the haemostatic status of dogs with liver tumours and healthy control dogs, by comparing coagulation and thromboelastography (TEG) measurements at three time points.

Bilateral lysis of aortic saddle thrombus with early tissue plasminogen activator (BLASTT): a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study in feline acute aortic thromboembolism.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) on the treatment of feline aortic thromboembolism (FATE).

Methods: Cats diagnosed with FATE involving ⩾2 limbs were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study within 6 h of an event. Diagnosis was made by clinical findings and one confirmatory criterion.

Safety profile of repeated infusion of platelet-like nanoparticles in healthy dogs.

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of the platelet-like nanoparticle (PLN), and to assess its safety in repeated administration.

Animals: 6 purpose-bred dogs.

Procedures: The PLN was administered IV at 3 different doses using a randomized crossover design.

2022 Update of the Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics and Thrombolytics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE) Domain 6: Defining rational use of thrombolytics.

Objectives: To systematically review available evidence and establish guidelines related to the use of thrombolytics for the management of small animals with suspected or confirmed thrombosis.

Design: PICO (Population, Intervention, Control, and Outcome) questions were formulated, and worksheets completed as part of a standardized and systematic literature evaluation. The population of interest included dogs and cats (considered separately) and arterial and venous thrombosis.

Resuscitation Patterns and Massive Transfusion for the Critical Bleeding Dog-A Multicentric Retrospective Study of 69 Cases (2007-2013).

To describe resuscitation patterns of critically bleeding dogs, including those receiving massive transfusion (MT). Retrospective study from three universities (2007-2013). Critically bleeding dogs, defined as dogs who received ≥ 25 ml/kg of blood products for treatment of hemorrhagic shock caused by blood loss.

Prospective investigation of factors associated with success on the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care certification examination (2016-2018).

Objective: To assess the association of candidate attributes and residency training factors with success on the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (ACVECC) board certification examination and to develop multivariable models of first-attempt success.

Design: Prospective survey-based study.

Setting: Post-assessment ACVECC examination candidates.

Retrospective evaluation of the use of hydrocortisone for treatment of suspected critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) in dogs with septic shock (2010-2017): 47 cases.

Objective: To evaluate characteristics of septic shock patients treated with hydrocortisone (HC) due to suspicion of critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) as compared to septic shock patients without suspicion of CIRCI.

Design: Retrospective study between February 2010 and October 2017.

Setting: University teaching hospital ICU.

Outcome and treatments of dogs with aortic thrombosis: 100 cases (1997-2014).

Background: Aortic thrombosis (ATh) is an uncommon condition in dogs, with limited understanding of risks factors, outcomes, and treatments.

Objectives/hypothesis: To describe potential risk factors, outcome, and treatments in dogs with ATh.

Animals: Client-owned dogs with a diagnosis of ATh based on ultrasonographic or gross necropsy examination.

Clinical features and outcome of septic shock in dogs: 37 Cases (2008-2015).

Objectives: To describe patient characteristics of dogs with septic shock, investigate markers of disease severity, and assess treatment impact on outcome.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Single center, university veterinary teaching intensive care unit.

Vitamin C in Health and Disease: A Companion Animal Focus.

Vitamin C is synthesized in the liver in most species, including dogs and cats, and is widely distributed through body tissues. Vitamin C has an important physiologic role in numerous metabolic functions including tissue growth and maintenance, amelioration of oxidative stress, and immune regulation. It is also a co-factor in the production of important substances such as catecholamines and vasopressin.

Effect of packed red blood cell transfusion on thromboelastographic tracings in dogs with naturally occurring anemia.

Objective: To assess the effect of packed RBC (pRBC) transfusion on thromboelastographic (TEG) tracings in dogs with naturally occurring anemia.

Animals: 22 clinically anemic dogs that received a pRBC transfusion.

Procedures: For each dog, a blood sample was collected before and within 3 hours after completion of the pRBC transfusion for a CBC, nonactivated TEG analysis, and measurement of blood viscosity.

Clinical use of cryopoor plasma continuous rate infusion in critically ill, hypoalbuminemic dogs.

Objective: To investigate the impact of cryopoor plasma (CPP) continuous rate infusion (CRI) on albumin concentration and colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in critically ill dogs with hypoalbuminemia.

Design: Retrospective study between 2013 and 2015 with a 90-day follow-up on survivors.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Acute kidney injury management using intermittent low efficiency haemodiafiltration in a critical care unit: 39 dogs (2012-2015).

Background: Veterinary studies describing acute kidney injury (AKI) management using renal replacement therapy (RRT) are limited and have primarily focused on intermittent haemodialysis in North American populations. European data are lacking, although differences in populations, pathogen and toxin exposure and RRT modalities may exist between Europe and North America. The present study reviewed RRT-managed cases from the intensive care unit (ICU) of VetAgro Sup, Lyon, France, for the period 2012-2015.

Thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) in feline acute aortic thromboembolism: a retrospective study of 16 cases.

Objectives: Thrombolytic therapy is a treatment of choice for people with acute ischemic events, but is uncommonly administered for feline aortic thromboembolism (FATE). This study reports selected clinical data and outcomes of acute FATE treated with tissue plasminogen activator (TPA). A reference group treated with current standard of care (SOC) was analyzed for comparison.

Analysis of the first-time pass rate of the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care certifying examination (2010-2015).

Objectives: To disseminate information regarding the annual pass rates for the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (ACVECC) certifying examination. To compare the first-time pass rates (FTPR) of ACVECC residents trained in academic and private practice settings.

Design: Retrospective study.