Magnetic duodenoileal anastomosis with sleeve gastrectomy: a prospective multicenter study.

Background: Magnetic digestive anastomosis has the potential to reduce anastomotic complications and complexity. We report the 1-year results of a new surgical technique using Self-forming Neodymium magnet Anastomosis Procedure with Sleeve gastrectomy (SNAP-S; GI Windows).

Methods: This was a prospective, nonrandomized multicenter trial.

UV-A Flexible LEDs Based on Core-Shell GaN/AlGaN Quantum Well Microwires.

Nanostructured ultraviolet (UV) light sources represent a growing research field in view of their potential applications in wearable optoelectronics or medical treatment devices. In this work, we report the demonstration of the first flexible UV-A light emitting diode (LED) based on AlGaN/GaN core-shell microwires. The device is based on a composite microwire/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membrane with flexible transparent electrodes.

Micronutrient status 2 years after bariatric surgery: a prospective nutritional assessment.

Background: Among commonly performed bariatric surgeries, biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) provides greater weight loss than Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG), with sustained metabolic improvements. However, the risk of long-term nutritional deficiencies due to the hypoabsorptive component of BPD-DS hinders its widespread use.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine nutritional status over 2 years after BPD-DS, RYGB or SG.

Assessing the Influence of Patient Empowerment Gained Through Mental Health Apps on Patient Trust in the Health Care Provider and Patient Compliance With the Recommended Treatment: Cross-sectional Study.

Background: In chronic mental illness, noncompliance with treatment significantly worsens the illness course and outcomes for patients. Considering that nearly 1 billion people worldwide experience mental health issues, including 1 of 5 Canadians in any given year, finding tools to lower noncompliance in these populations is critical for health care systems. A promising avenue is apps that make mental health services more accessible to patients.

Mendelian Randomization Analysis Identifies Blood Tyrosine Levels as a Biomarker of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex disease associated with premature mortality. Its diagnosis is challenging, and the identification of biomarkers causally influenced by NAFLD may be clinically useful. We aimed at identifying blood metabolites causally impacted by NAFLD using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) with validation in a population-based biobank.

Electromechanical conversion efficiency of GaN NWs: critical influence of the NW stiffness, the Schottky nano-contact and the surface charge effects.

The piezoelectric nanowires (NWs) are considered as promising nanomaterials to develop high-efficient piezoelectric generators. Establishing the relationship between their characteristics and their piezoelectric conversion properties is now essential to further improve the devices. However, due to their nanoscale dimensions, the NWs are characterized by new properties that are challenging to investigate.

Heat Dissipation in Flexible Nitride Nanowire Light-Emitting Diodes.

We analyze the thermal behavior of a flexible nanowire (NW) light-emitting diode (LED) operated under different injection conditions. The LED is based on metal-organic vapor-phase deposition (MOCVD)-grown self-assembled InGaN/GaN NWs in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. Despite the poor thermal conductivity of the polymer, active nitride NWs effectively dissipate heat to the substrate.

Long Alimentary Limb Duodenal Switch (LADS): an Exploratory Randomized Trial, Results at 2 Years.

Purpose: The effectiveness of the standard biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS) in terms of weight loss has been demonstrated. Increasing the strict alimentary limb length while maintaining the length of the common channel could lead to similar weight loss while reducing side effects.

Materials And Methods: The objective was to evaluate the effect of increasing the strict alimentary limb length on weight loss, comorbidities, nutritional deficiencies, and quality of life 2 years after surgery, compared with standard BPD/DS.

Ten-year remission rates in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes after biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch.

Background: Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) confers the highest rate of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission compared with other bariatric procedures. Previous studies suggest that type of antidiabetic therapy used before surgery and duration of disease influence postsurgical glycemic outcomes. Short-term, progressive improvement in insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function after metabolic surgery in patients with noninsulin-treated T2D has been demonstrated.

Determinants of Cardiorespiratory Fitness After Bariatric Surgery: Insights From a Randomised Controlled Trial of a Supervised Training Program.

Background: Severely obese patients have decreased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and poor functional capacity. Bariatric surgery-induced weight loss improves CRF, but the determinants of this improvement are not well known. We aimed to assess the determinants of CRF before and after bariatric surgery and the impact of an exercise training program on CRF after bariatric surgery.

Acute and Chronic Impact of Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch Surgery on Plasma Lipoprotein(a) Levels in Patients with Severe Obesity.

Background: Elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) level is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle intervention studies targeting weight loss revealed little to no significant changes in Lp(a) levels. The impact of interventions that induce substantial weight loss, such as bariatric surgery, on Lp(a) levels is currently unclear.

Improvement of carrier collection in Si/a-Si:H nanowire solar cells by using hybrid ITO/silver nanowires contacts.

Optoelectronic devices based on high aspect ratio nanowires bring new challenges for transparent electrodes, which can be well addressed by using hybrid structures. Here we demonstrate that a composite contact to radial junction nanowire solar cells made of a thin indium-tin oxide (ITO) layer and silver nanowires greatly improves the collection of charge carriers as compared to a single thick ITO layer by reducing the series resistance losses while improving the transparency. The optimization is performed on p-i-n solar cells comprising of dense non-vertical nanowires with a p-doped c-Si core and an ultra-thin a-Si:H absorption layer grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on glass substrates.

Outcomes in Patients with Obesity and Coronary Artery Disease with and Without Bariatric Surgery.

Objectives: The clinical benefit of bariatric surgery in patients with severe obesity and established coronary artery disease (CAD) is unclear. We aimed to compare the cardiovascular outcomes of severely obese CAD patients with and without bariatric surgery.

Methods: Patients with a history of myocardial revascularization documented prior to bariatric surgery were identified from a dedicated database with prospectively collected outcomes.

Nanoscale electrical analyses of axial-junction GaAsP nanowires for solar cell applications.

Axial p-n and p-i-n junctions in GaAsP nanowires are demonstrated and analyzed using electron beam induced current microscopy. Organized self-catalyzed nanowire arrays are grown by molecular beam epitaxy on nanopatterned Si substrates. The nanowires are doped using Be and Si impurities to obtain p- and n-type conductivity, respectively.

Body mass index is associated with epigenetic age acceleration in the visceral adipose tissue of subjects with severe obesity.

Background: There is solid evidence that obesity induces the acceleration of liver epigenetic aging. However, unlike easily accessible blood or subcutaneous adipose tissue, little is known about the impact of obesity on epigenetic aging of metabolically active visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Herein, we aimed to test whether obesity accelerates VAT epigenetic aging in subjects with severe obesity.

Comparison of Short and Long Term Cardiovascular Outcomes After Bariatric Surgery in Patients With vs Without Coronary Artery Disease.

There is little data regarding the risks and benefits of bariatric surgery in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to assess the short- and long-term cardiovascular outcomes of patients with CAD undergoing bariatric surgery. Patients with a history of CAD were identified from a dedicated database with prospectively collected outcomes, comprising all 6795 patients who underwent bariatric surgery between January 1992 and October 2017.

Acute and chronic effect of bariatric surgery on circulating autotaxin levels.

Autotaxin (ATX), an adipose tissue-derived lysophospholipase, has been involved in the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic diseases. The impact of bariatric surgery on circulating ATX levels is unknown. We examined the short- (24 h, 5 days) and longer-term (6 and 12 months) impact of bariatric surgery; as well as the short-term effect of caloric restriction (CR) on plasma ATX levels in patients with severe obesity.

Interleukin-1β and prostaglandin-synthesizing enzymes as modulators of human omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue function.

IL-1β stimulates expression of prostaglandin (PG)-synthesizing enzymes cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and aldo-keto reductase (AKR)1B1 in human preadipocytes. We aimed to examine the impact of IL-1β, COX-2 and AKR1B1 on markers of human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue function, and to assess whether PG synthesis by these enzymes mediates IL-1β effects. Omental and subcutaneous fat samples were obtained from bariatric surgery patients.

Characterization and visualization of the liposecretion process taking place during ceiling culture of human mature adipocytes.

Objective: To investigate and further characterize the process of mature adipocyte dedifferentiation. Our hypothesis was that dedifferentiation does not involve mitosis but rather a phenomenon of liposecretion.

Methods: Mature adipocytes were isolated by collagenase digestion of human adipose tissue samples.

Second-stage duodenal switch for sleeve gastrectomy failure: A matched controlled trial.

Background: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has become the predominant bariatric surgery worldwide. However, the surgical management in case of failure is still debated.

Objectives: To evaluate the risks and benefits of converting SG to biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) for suboptimal outcome after SG.

Nanoscale investigation of a radial p-n junction in self-catalyzed GaAs nanowires grown on Si (111).

One obstacle for the development of nanowire (NW) solar cells is the challenge to assess and control their nanoscale electrical properties. In this work a top-cell made of p-n GaAs core/shell NWs grown on a Si(111) substrate by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) is investigated by high resolution charge collection microscopy. Electron Beam Induced Current (EBIC) analyses of single NWs have validated the formation of a homogeneous radial p-n junction over the entire length of the NWs.

Optimization of the optical coupling in nanowire-based integrated photonic platforms by FDTD simulation.

The optimized design of a photonic platform based on a nanowire light emitting diode (LED) and a nanowire photodetector connected with a waveguide is proposed. The light coupling efficiency from the LED to the detector is optimized as a function of the geometrical parameters of the system using the finite difference time domain simulation tool Lumerical. Starting from a design reported in the literature with a coupling efficiency of only 8.

High Piezoelectric Conversion Properties of Axial InGaN/GaN Nanowires.

We demonstrate for the first time the efficient mechanical-electrical conversion properties of InGaN/GaN nanowires (NWs). Using an atomic force microscope equipped with a modified Resiscope module, we analyse the piezoelectric energy generation of GaN NWs and demonstrate an important enhancement when integrating in their volume a thick In-rich InGaN insertion. The piezoelectric response of InGaN/GaN NWs can be tuned as a function of the InGaN insertion thickness and position in the NW volume.