Photoreceptor-Specific Temporal Contrast Sensitivities in RP1L1-Associated Occult Macular Dystrophy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare L-, M-, S-cone-, and rod-driven temporal contrast sensitivities (tCS) in patients with RP1L1-associated autosomal-dominant occult macular dystrophy (OMD), and to investigate how photoreceptor degeneration determines which post-receptoral channels dominate perception.

Methods: Photoreceptor isolating stimuli were created with the silent substitution technique. Photoreceptor-selective tCS deviations (D L-cone/M-cone/S-cone/Rod) were obtained as a function of temporal frequency with identical retinal adaptation, by subtracting tCS from age-corrected normal values.

Chromatic discrimination measures in mature observers depend on the response window.

Our past anecdotal evidence prompted that a longer response window (RW) in the Trivector test (Cambridge Colour Test) improved mature observers' estimates of chromatic discrimination. Here, we systematically explored whether RW variation affects chromatic discrimination thresholds measured by the length of Protan, Deutan and Tritan vectors. We employed the Trivector test with three RWs: 3 s, 5 s, and 8 s.

Serum levels of olanzapine are associated with acute cognitive effects in bipolar disorder.

Bipolar (BPD) patients have deficits in cognition, but there are still controversies about the effects of some medications on their cognitive performance. Here, we investigated the relationship between cognition in terms of executive functions, memory, and attention in both first-episode medication-naive BPD patients and BPD patients taking olanzapine. Forty-one healthy controls, 40 unmedicated drug-naive BPD patients, and 34 BPD patients who took only olanzapine were recruited for the study.

Perifoveal Cone- and Rod-Mediated Temporal Contrast Sensitivities in Stargardt Disease/Fundus Flavimaculatus.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare L-cone-driven, S-cone-driven, and rod-driven temporal contrast sensitivities (tCSs) in patients with Stargardt disease 1/fundus flavimaculatus (STGD1/FF).

Methods: Fourteen patients (eight male, six female; mean age, 43.21 ± 13.

Photoreceptor-Specific Loss of Perifoveal Temporal Contrast Sensitivity in Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Purpose: Inherited retinal diseases affect the L-, M-, S-cones and rods in distinct ways, which calls for new methods that enable quantification of photoreceptor-specific functions. We tested the feasibility of using the silent substitution paradigm to estimate photoreceptor-driven temporal contrast sensitivity (tCS) functions in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.

Methods: The silent substitution paradigm is based on substitution of lights of different spectral composition; this offers considerable advantage over other stimulation techniques.

[New techniques for quantification of color vision in disorders of cone function : Cambridge color test and photoreceptor-specific temporal contrast sensitivity in patients with heterozygous RP1L1 and RPGR mutations].

Background: Inherited retinal diseases with cone dysfunction can be accompanied by severe visual loss and a marked loss of color vision despite relatively normal fundus appearance. Autosomal dominant occult macular dystrophy (RP1L1 gene) and X‑chromosomal retinitis pigmentosa (RPGR gene, including heterozygous female carriers) are important examples. New examination techniques enable quantification of the extent of color vision disturbances.