Making the Cut: A Six-Year "Bone-afide" Membership Trend From Student to Surgeon.

Background: Mentorship and early exposure vary greatly from school to school for osteopathic medical students. Historically, allopathic medical students have matched at a higher rate for competitive surgical specialties, like orthopedic surgery, compared to osteopathic medical students. The unique position of medical student interest organizations in filling those gaps and their related outcomes, including successful residency acceptance, is unknown.

Augmentation of immune response to vaccinations through osteopathic manipulative treatment: a study of procedure.

Context: Anecdotal evidence suggested that osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) may have imparted survivability to patients in osteopathic hospitals during the 1918 influenza pandemic. In addition, previous OMT research publications throughout the past century have shown evidence of increased lymphatic movement, resulting in improved immunologic function qualitatively and quantitatively.

Objectives: The following is a description of a proposed protocol to evaluate OMT effects on antibody generation in the peripheral circulation in response to a vaccine and its possible use in the augmentation of various vaccines.

An analysis of osteopathic medical students applying to surgical residencies following transition to a single graduate medical education accreditation system.

Context: Upon requests from osteopathic medical schools, the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) Charting Outcomes were redesigned to include osteopathic medical school seniors beginning in 2018 and one joint graduate medical education (GME) accreditation system, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), formed in 2020.

Objectives: The goal of this study is to analyze the match outcomes and characteristics of osteopathic applicants applying to surgical specialties following the ACGME transition.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of osteopathic senior match outcomes in surgical specialties from the NRMP Main Residency Match data from 2020 to 2022 and the NRMP Charting Outcomes data from 2020 to 2022 was performed.

Self-reported Health-related Quality of Life in Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy.

Background: Happiness, comfort, and motor function contribute to satisfaction with life for individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). Evidence-based medical care can improve motor function and physical health of youth with CP. Less is known about medical care and its relationship to health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescents and young adults with CP.

A 10-Year Report on the Trends of Osteopathic Medical Students (OMS) in Osteopathic Orthopaedic Residency over the Past Decade.

Objectives: Osteopathic match rates in competitive specialties, such as orthopaedics, have been under intense scrutiny. This study aimed to quantify trends in the characteristics of Osteopathic Orthopaedic Surgical Residency training and education from graduating classes of 2010-2020.

Methods: This was a retrospective evaluation of a large, longitudinally maintained database of the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) from orthopaedic residency graduating classes of 2010-2020.

Mortality after spinal fusion in children with cerebral palsy and cerebral-palsy-like conditions: A 30-year follow-up study.

Aim: To report survival probability of a large cohort of children with cerebral palsy (CP) after spinal fusion.

Method: All children with CP who had spinal fusion between 1988 and 2018 at the reporting facility were reviewed for survival. Death records of the institutional CP database, institutional electronic medical records, publicly available obituaries, and the National Death Index through the US Centers for Disease Control were searched.

Advancing care and research for traumatic brain injury: a roadmap.

Across all segments of society in the United States, millions of adults and children experience a traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year, which may pose lifetime health and financial burdens in the billions of dollars. Efforts have been made to advance research and care with goals to improve awareness of the causes and consequences of TBI, but gaps still remain in understanding TBI and delivering high-quality care to everyone who needs it both in military and civilian life. At the request of the Department of Defense, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine recently convened experts to address existing gaps in brain injury science and systems of care.

Incidence of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Cerebral Palsy Following an Orthopaedic Surgical Event.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and characterize the demographics, comorbidities, and risk factors for patients with cerebral palsy (CP) having orthopaedic surgery.

Methods: All patients diagnosed with CP who underwent an orthopaedic surgical procedure at one institution between 2008 and 2017 were identified. Diagnosis codes and associated patient events were recovered from the electronic medical record.

Residual Deformity and Outcome of Ambulatory Adults With Cerebral Palsy: A Long-term Longitudinal Assessment.

Background: Advances in pediatric orthopaedic care have improved mobility and function for children with cerebral palsy (CP) as mobility declines from adolescence into adulthood. The long-term effectiveness of modern orthopaedic care is not widely reported. This study aimed to report the pediatric orthopaedic surgical burden, residual deformities, and outcomes using objective evidence of mobility in ambulatory adults with CP.

The impact of asymmetry on the radiographical outcomes following hip reconstruction in patients with cerebral palsy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of asymmetric hip dysplasia on the outcome of hip reconstruction in patients with cerebral palsy according to preoperative migration percentage (MP).

Methods: This study was institutional review board-approved for retrospective cohort review. From 2008 to 2018, 65 patients met inclusion criteria: Gross Motor Function Scale Classification (GMFSC) III to V with spastic hips (MP > 30%) who underwent bilateral hip reconstruction, with a follow-up > 24 months.

Recurrent hip instability after hip reconstruction in cerebral palsy children with spastic hip disease.

Background: Migration percentage (MP) is widely used to evaluate hip stability in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Orthopedic surgeons need more objective information to make a proper hip reconstruction surgical plan and predict the outcome.

Methods: Medical records and plain radiographs of children with CP who underwent the hip reconstruction procedure for dysplasia were reviewed retrospectively.

The Foot in Cerebral Palsy.

Children with cerebral palsy frequently develop foot deformities, most commonly equinus contractures, which can be managed with orthotics up to age 5 to 7 years. Plantar flexor lengthening, typically around this age, should be restricted to the offending muscle only, usually with a fascia release of the gastrocnemius. Equinovarus, mainly a problem in children with unilateral cerebral palsy, often responds to plantar flexor lengthening.

The change in sagittal plane gait patterns from childhood to maturity in bilateral cerebral palsy.

Background: The longitudinal stability of sagittal gait patterns in diplegic cerebral palsy (CP), stratified using the Rodda classification, is currently unknown.

Research Question: What is the trajectory of sagittal plane gait deformities as defined by the Rodda classification in a large cohort treated with orthopedic surgery guided by gait analysis?

Methods: A retrospective study utilized gait analysis to evaluate sagittal gait parameters before age 8 and after age 15 years. Individual limbs were categorized at each time point according to the Rodda classification based on mean sagittal plane knee and ankle angle during stance.

Factors associated with walking activity in adults with cerebral palsy.

Background: This prospective study used instrumented gait analysis, patient-reported outcomes, and portable accelerometers to examine walking activity in adults with cerebral palsy (CP).

Research Question: This study aimed to provide objective data and evaluate factors associated with walking activity in adults with CP.

Methods: Participants with CP (ages 25-45 years) completed instrumented gait analysis and patient-reported outcomes, including the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and Satisfaction with Life Score (SWLS), and wore a StepWatch for 8 days.

Comparison of Surgical Outcomes for Distal Rectus Femoris Transfer and Resection Surgeries in Children With Cerebral Palsy With Stiff Knee Gait.

Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often present with a stiff knee gait pattern because of rectus femoris (RF) spasticity and/or contracture. Rectus femoris transfers (RFTs) and resections are surgical procedures aimed at reducing muscle stiffness, thereby improving knee flexion during the swing phase of gait. Previous research has consistently demonstrated objective benefits of rectus transfer using instrumented gait analysis (IGA).

Single-event multilevel surgery in cerebral palsy: Value added by a co-surgeon.

The aim of this study was to compare outcomes for single-event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) in cerebral palsy (CP) performed by 1 or 2 attending surgeons.A retrospective review of patients with CP undergoing SEMLS was performed. Patients undergoing SEMLS performed by a single senior surgeon were compared with patients undergoing SEMLS by the same senior surgeon and a consistent second attending surgeon.

Evaluation of Risk Factors for Cerebrospinal Leakage in Pediatric Patients With Cerebral Palsy Treated With Intrathecal Baclofen.

Background: Insertion of an intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pump can provide significant benefits in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). However, there are little data describing the risk of complications. Specifically, there is a lack of data describing the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage and risk factors following ITB placement.

What's New in the Orthopaedic Treatment of Ambulatory Children With Cerebral Palsy Using Gait Analysis.

Background: Limb deformities in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP) are common. The natural history of lower extremity deformities is variable and the impact on gait is managed with many treatment modalities. Effective interventions must consider the underlying pathophysiology, patient-specific goals, and incorporate objective outcome assessment.

The effectiveness of epidural blood patch in patients with cerebral palsy treated with intrathecal baclofen implantation.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid leak and postdural puncture spinal headache following intrathecal baclofen therapy are known complications. Although primary treatments are conservative, epidural blood patch is an alternative in patients with persistent and severe symptoms.

Aim: The purpose of this article is to review the effectiveness of epidural blood patch for the treatment of spinal headache and cerebrospinal fluid leak associated with intrathecal baclofen treatment in children with cerebral palsy.

What's New in Pediatric Hip?

Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), which encompasses a wide spectrum of disease from mild dysplasia to frank dislocation, is one of the most common developmental deformities of the lower extremities and one of the leading causes of future osteoarthritis and hip arthroplasty. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) results from a vascular insult to the growing femoral epiphysis, which in turn can create permanent morphologic changes to the hip joint. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) occurs when the proximal femoral physis fails allowing the epiphysis to displace in relation to the metaphysis.

Infections of Intrathecal Baclofen Delivery Systems and Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting Systems: Clinical Series Discussion.

Background/aims: The physiological interaction between the intrathecal baclofen (ITB) delivery system and the ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting system in a patient who had both systems implanted has not been reported previously. The aim of our report is to evaluate the effect that one system's infection might have on the other.

Methods: Records of children who were followed at our institution between 2004 and 2015 for management of their ITB systems were reviewed.

Hallux valgus deformity correction without fusion in children with cerebral palsy.

Unlabelled: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of nonarthrodesis surgical treatment of hallux valgus (HV) deformity in children with cerebral palsy using radiographic and gait analysis parameters. There were 25 patients who had hallux valgus correction in 39 feet. The mean age at surgery was 15±2.

What's New in the Management of Foot Deformities in Children With Cerebral Palsy.

Background: Foot deformities have been frequently reported in cerebral palsy (CP), and numerous diagnostic modalities and treatment options have recently been developed to achieve a better level of management for children with CP.

Methods: A thorough search of the English literature, published between January 2013 and March 2016, was performed. A summary of the new findings that had not previously described was reported.

Scoliosis in Down's syndrome.

Unlabelled: This study reports the recent experience in the management of scoliosis in Down's syndrome. Curve patterns, progression in brace, and surgical outcomes were recorded. Cardiac surgery history was compared between children with and without scoliosis.

Risk factors for pancreatitis after posterior spinal fusion in children with cerebral palsy.

This study reports on the prevalence and risk factors of acute pancreatitis after posterior spinal fusion for cerebral palsy scoliosis. Pancreatitis diagnosis was based on elevated amylase or lipase above three times the upper normal limit. Perioperative data were compared between patients with and without pancreatitis.