Focus on dedifferentiated adipocytes: characteristics, mechanisms, and possible applications.

It is largely believed that after undergoing differentiation, adipocytes can no longer divide. Yet, using ceiling culture, it was demonstrated in vitro that some adipocytes are able to regain proliferative abilities by becoming fibroblast-like cells called dedifferentiated adipocytes. Mature adipocytes are abundant, can be easily isolated, and represent a homogenous cell population.

Characterization and visualization of the liposecretion process taking place during ceiling culture of human mature adipocytes.

Objective: To investigate and further characterize the process of mature adipocyte dedifferentiation. Our hypothesis was that dedifferentiation does not involve mitosis but rather a phenomenon of liposecretion.

Methods: Mature adipocytes were isolated by collagenase digestion of human adipose tissue samples.

Role of the TGF-β pathway in dedifferentiation of human mature adipocytes.

Dedifferentiation of adipocytes contributes to the generation of a proliferative cell population that could be useful in cellular therapy or tissue engineering. Adipocytes can dedifferentiate into precursor cells to acquire a fibroblast-like phenotype using ceiling culture, in which the buoyancy of fat cells is exploited to allow them to adhere to the inner surface of a container. Ceiling culture is usually performed in flasks, which limits the ability to test various culture conditions.

Temporal Changes in Gene Expression Profile during Mature Adipocyte Dedifferentiation.

. To characterize changes in gene expression profile during human mature adipocyte dedifferentiation in ceiling culture. .

Comprehensive Review of the Impact of Dairy Foods and Dairy Fat on Cardiometabolic Risk.

Because regular-fat dairy products are a major source of cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acids (SFAs), current US and Canadian dietary guidelines for cardiovascular health recommend the consumption of low-fat dairy products. Yet, numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported rather mixed effects of reduced- and regular-fat dairy consumption on blood lipid concentrations and on many other cardiometabolic disease risk factors, such as blood pressure and inflammation markers. Thus, the focus on low-fat dairy in current dietary guidelines is being challenged, creating confusion within health professional circles and the public.

Systematic Review of the Association between Dairy Product Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular-Related Clinical Outcomes.

The objective of this systematic review was to determine if dairy product consumption is detrimental, neutral, or beneficial to cardiovascular health and if the recommendation to consume reduced-fat as opposed to regular-fat dairy is evidence-based. A systematic review of meta-analyses of prospective population studies associating dairy consumption with cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, hypertension, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and type 2 diabetes (T2D) was conducted on the basis of the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. Quality of evidence was rated by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation scale.

Computed tomography-measured adipose tissue attenuation and area both predict adipocyte size and cardiometabolic risk in women.

Objective: To assess the ability of CT-derived measurements including adipose tissue attenuation and area to predict fat cell hypertrophy and related cardiometabolic risk.

Methods: Abdominal adipose tissue areas and radiologic attenuation were assessed using 4 CT images in 241 women (age: 47 years, BMI: 26.5 kg/m(2)).

Generation of human adipose stem cells through dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes in ceiling cultures.

Mature adipocytes have been shown to reverse their phenotype into fibroblast-like cells in vitro through a technique called ceiling culture. Mature adipocytes can also be isolated from fresh adipose tissue for depot-specific characterization of their function and metabolic properties. Here, we describe a well-established protocol to isolate mature adipocytes from adipose tissues using collagenase digestion, and subsequent steps to perform ceiling cultures.

Dietary intakes in the nutritional management of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: Changes were examined in energy intakes and percentage of energy from macronutrients in response to nutritional intervention in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: The study included 17 women with GDM and 27 women with normal glucose tolerance (controls). Women with GDM were followed by a multidisciplinary team; they received dietary counselling by a registered dietitian, and were prescribed diets with 40% to 45% energy from carbohydrate (CHO), 20% to 25% from protein, and 30% to 35% from fat.

Adipose tissue diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity and blood lipoprotein triglyceride enrichment in women with abdominal obesity.

Unlabelled: Previous studies have suggested altered triglyceride (TG) storage in patients with abdominal obesity and blood lipid disorders.

Objective: We hypothesized that women with abdominal obesity and a dysmetabolic profile have low DGAT activity in their abdominal fat compartments.

Methods: Paired omental (OM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue samples were obtained surgically from 39 women undergoing abdominal hysterectomies.

Glucocorticoid-induced androgen inactivation by aldo-keto reductase 1C2 promotes adipogenesis in human preadipocytes.

Adipogenesis and lipid storage in human adipose tissue are inhibited by androgens such as DHT. Inactivation of DHT to 3α-diol is stimulated by glucocorticoids in human preadipocytes. We sought to characterize glucocorticoid-induced androgen inactivation in human preadipocytes and to establish its role in the antiadipogenic action of DHT.

Circulating interleukin-6 concentrations during and after gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective: Recent studies have shown that high interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion may aggravate insulin resistance in pregnancy and participate in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study was to determine whether the presence of GDM is associated with elevated IL-6 concentrations and whether this association remains after delivery, independent of body mass index.

Design: Longitudinal study.