Trends in neonatal morbidity and mortality for very low birthweight infants: a 20-year single-center experience.

Objective: To describe trends in mortality and morbidity rates of very low birth weight infants as well as their pre-, peri- and postnatal characteristics over a period of 20 years' time.

Methods: Retrospective study in all very low birth weight infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the University Hospitals Ghent from 1 January 2000, to 31 December 2020. Mortality was the primary outcome variable with major morbidities being co-primary outcome variables.

Parental participation in the care of hospitalized neonates in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: To determine the effect of parental participation in hospital care on neonatal and parental outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and to identify the range of parental duties in the care of hospitalized neonates in LMICs.

Methods: We searched CINAHL, CENTRAL, LILACs, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science from inception to February 2022. Randomized and non-randomized studies from LMICs were eligible if parents performed one or more roles traditionally undertaken by healthcare staff.

Association of antenatal magnesium sulfate with reduced late-onset sepsis in extreme preterm infants.

Objectives: Neonatal intensive care has changed extensively over the last decades resulting in improved survival of extreme preterm infants. However, improved survival is associated with prolonged hospitalization, mechanical ventilation and use of invasive devices, which are all predisposing factors for LOS. LOS is known to increase short- and long-term morbidities resulting in impaired neurodevelopmental outcome.

The Community Health and Social Medicine Incubator: a service-learning framework for medical student-led projects.

The Community Health and Social Medicine (CHASM) Incubator is a social impact venture that gives medical and other health care students the opportunity to develop initiatives that sustainably promote health equity for, and in partnership with, community partners and historically marginalized communities. Students learn how to develop projects with project management curricula, are paired with community health mentors, and are given seed micro-financing. As the first community health incubator driven by medical students, CHASM provides a framework for students interested in implementing sustainable solutions to local health disparities which extends the service-learning opportunities offered in existing curricula.

Arterial Structure and Stiffness Are Altered in Young Adults Born Preterm.

Objective: Preterm birth has been associated with changes in arterial structure and function. Association with complications occurring during the neonatal period, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, on vascular outcomes in adulthood is unknown. Approach and Results: We evaluated a cohort of 86 adults born preterm (below 30 weeks of gestation), compared to 85 adults born term, at a mean age of 23 years.

Many randomized clinical trials may not be justified: a cross-sectional analysis of the ethics and science of randomized clinical trials.

Objective: We have proposed that three scientific criteria are important for the ethical justification of randomized clinical trials (RCTs): (1) they should be designed around a clear hypothesis; (2) uncertainty should exist around that hypothesis; (3) that uncertainty should be as established through a systematic review. We hypothesized that the majority of a sample of recently published RCTs would not explicitly incorporate these criteria, therefore rendering them potentially unjustified on scientific grounds.

Study Design And Setting: Cross-sectional analysis of all RCTs published in the New England Journal of Medicine and the Journal of the American Medical Association in 2015.

Respiratory adaptation in term infants following elective caesarean section.

Objective: To determine respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO) values in full-term infants immediately after caesarean section, and to assess whether infants that develop transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) follow the same physiological patterns.

Design And Patients: A Respironics NM3 Monitor (Philips, Netherlands) continuously measured RR, TV and EtCO for 7 min in infants >37 weeks' gestation following elective caesarean section (ECS). Monitoring was repeated at 2 hours of age for 2 min.