CD100 boosts the inflammatory response in the challenge phase of allergic contact dermatitis in mice.

Background: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an inflammatory disease with a complex pathophysiology in which epidermal-resident memory CD8 T (T ) cells play a key role. The mechanisms involved in the activation of CD8 T cells during allergic flare-up responses are not understood.

Methods: The expression of CD100 and its ligand Plexin B2 on CD8 T cells and keratinocytes before and after allergen exposure was determined by flow cytometry and RT-qPCR.

The junctional adhesion molecule-like protein (JAML) is important for the inflammatory response during contact hypersensitivity.

Background: The junctional adhesion molecule-like protein (JAML) plays important roles in wound healing and activation of epidermal γδ T cells in mice. Whether JAML plays a role in contact hypersensitivity (CHS), the animal model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), is not known.

Methods: To examine the role of JAML in CHS, we used various mouse models of CHS in JAML knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice.

CD4 T cells inhibit the generation of CD8 epidermal-resident memory T cells directed against clinically relevant contact allergens.

Background: CD8 epidermal-resident memory T (T ) cells play central roles in local flare-up responses to experimental contact allergens by inducing massive influx of neutrophils to the epidermis upon allergen challenge. Whether similar immunopathogenic mechanisms are involved in the responses to clinically relevant contact allergens is unknown.

Methods: The immune response to cinnamal, ρ-phenylenediamine (PPD) and methylisothiazolinone (MI) was studied in a well-established mouse model for allergic contact dermatitis that includes formation of T cells by ELISA, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy analyses and cell depletion protocols.

2021 Annual Report of the National Poison Data System (NPDS) from America's Poison Centers: 39th Annual Report.

Abstractintroduction: This is the 39 Annual Report of America's Poison Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS). As of 1 January, 2021, all 55 of the nation's poison centers (PCs) uploaded case data automatically to NPDS. The upload interval was 4.

2020 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 38th Annual Report.

Introduction: This is the 38 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' (AAPCC) National Poison Data System (NPDS). As of 1 January, 2020, all 55 of the nation's poison centers (PCs) uploaded case data automatically to NPDS. The upload interval was 6.

Making US poison centers a part of the solution to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: Our six goals are: 1) describe the relationship between the and the 55 US poison centers (PCs); 2) detail FDA emergency Use Authorization (EUA) COVID-19 vaccine-related regulatory procedures and associated acronyms; 3) list availability of specific vaccine clinical information to support PC staff COVID-19 vaccination and adverse event (AE) data collection; 4) describe required health care practitioner COVID-19 vaccine AE reporting to the Vaccine AE Reporting System (VAERS) and PC reporting options; 5) document public and health care professionals' use of PCs for COVID-19 vaccine information; and 6) propose strategy to maximize PCs contribution to the pandemic solution.

Methods: We reviewed 13-Feb-2020 through 15-Apr-2021 National Poison Data System (NPDS) COVID-19 records for changes over time. We examined NPDS cases and VAERS COVID-19 vaccine reports 1-Nov-2020 through 2-Apr-2021 for vaccine manufacturer, patient characteristics, state, and clinical effects.

CD8 tissue-resident memory T cells recruit neutrophils that are essential for flare-ups in contact dermatitis.

Background: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is classically described as a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. However, patients often experience flare-ups characterized by itching erythema, edema, and often vesicles occurring within hours after re-exposure of previously sensitized skin to the specific contact allergen. Recent studies have indicated that skin-resident memory T (T ) cells play a central role in ACD.

Pathogenic CD8 Epidermis-Resident Memory T Cells Displace Dendritic Epidermal T Cells in Allergic Dermatitis.

The skin is our interface with the outside world, and consequently it is exposed to a wide range of microbes and allergens. Recent studies have indicated that allergen-specific skin-resident memory T (T) cells play a role in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). However, the composition and dynamics of the epidermal T-cell subsets during ACD are not known.

Evaluation of toxicity after acute accidental methotrexate ingestions in children under 6 years old: a 16-year multi-center review.

Context: There is little data on the frequency of adverse events following acute methotrexate ingestions in pediatric patients. Likewise, recommendations for observation length, site and management strategies in this population are not well established. Therefore, most recommendations are modeled after management of chronic overdose in patients with underlying medical conditions.

Effect of using pediatric emergency department virtual observation on inpatient admissions and lengths of stay.

Objective: To determine whether using emergency department (ED) virtual observation for select pediatric conditions decreases admission rates for these conditions, and to examine effects on length of stay.

Methods: The option of ED virtual observation care for 9 common pediatric conditions was introduced in 2009; associated order sets were developed. Retrospective secondary analyses of administrative data from our tertiary care pediatric ED and children's hospital were performed for the year before (year 0) and after (year 1) this disposition option was introduced.

Underlying Rationale and Approach to Treat Hypertension in Adolescents by Physicians of Different Specialty.

Objective: To describe the underlying clinical decision-making rationale among general pediatricians, family physicians, pediatric cardiologists and pediatric nephrologists in their approach to an adolescent with hypertension.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured phone interviews with a convenience sample of physicians from the above-mentioned 4 specialties. Each participant was asked to "think aloud" regarding their approach to a hypothetical patient - 12 year old boy with persistent hypertension for 6 months.

Disaster preparedness education and a Midwest Regional Poison Center.

Objective: To assess knowledge and comfort related to disaster preparedness and response gained and retained from a disaster medicine workshop given to Certified Specialists in Poison Information (CSPI).

Design: A pilot study with a pre-post intervention design.

Setting: A Midwest Regional Poison Center.

Amanita bisporigera ingestion: mistaken identity, dose-related toxicity, and improvement despite severe hepatotoxicity.

Ingestion of wild mushrooms has led to unintentional poisonings caused by mistaken identity. We report 3 cases of exposure to Amanita bisporigera, demonstrating dose-related toxicity. The use of nasobiliary drainage as a novel approach to interrupting the enterohepatic circulation of amatoxins is illustrated.

Skin breakdown and blisters from senna-containing laxatives in young children.

Background: At the direction of the Food and Drug Administration, phenolphthalein was removed from all over-the-counter laxatives in 1999. Phenolphthalein was then replaced in most laxative products with the natural product senna from Cassia acutifolia Delile, which contains various anthraquinones. No data are available on the safety of senna use in children <6 years of age.