Atypical Progeria Primarily Manifesting as Premature Cardiac Valvular Disease Segregates with -Gene Variants.

Mutations in the -gene can cause a variety of 'laminopathies'. These laminopathies are associated with a range of phenotypes, including disorders affecting the adipose tissue, peripheral nerves, the heart, such as dilated cardiomyopathy and conduction system abnormalities, and less commonly, progeroid disorders. This case series describes two families in which two novel LMNA-gene variants were identified, and who presented with an atypical progeroid phenotype with primarily premature aortic and mitral valve stenosis.

Reanalysis of whole-exome sequencing (WES) data of children with neurodevelopmental disorders in a standard patient care context.

Unlabelled: This study aims to inform future genetic reanalysis management by evaluating the yield of whole-exome sequencing (WES) reanalysis in standard patient care in the Netherlands. Single-center data of 159 patients with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD), in which WES analysis and reanalysis were performed between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2021, was retrospectively collected. Patients were included if they were under the age of 18 years at initial analysis and if this initial analysis did not result in a diagnosis.

Active immunotherapy reduces NOTCH3 deposition in brain capillaries in a CADASIL mouse model.

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most common monogenic form of familial small vessel disease; no preventive or curative therapy is available. CADASIL is caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene, resulting in a mutated NOTCH3 receptor, with aggregation of the NOTCH3 extracellular domain (ECD) around vascular smooth muscle cells. In this study, we have developed a novel active immunization therapy specifically targeting CADASIL-like aggregated NOTCH3 ECD.

Effect of EGFr Group, Sex, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors on CADASIL Clinical and Neuroimaging Outcomes.

Background: A retrospective study has shown that EGFr (epidermal growth factor-like repeat) group in the gene is an important cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) disease modifier of age at first stroke and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume. No study has yet assessed the effect of other known CADASIL modifiers, that is, cardiovascular risk factors and sex, in the context of EGFr group. In this study, we determined the relative disease-modifying effects of EGFr group, sex and cardiovascular risk factor on disease severity in the first genotype-driven, large prospective CADASIL cohort study, using a comprehensive battery of CADASIL clinical outcomes and neuroimaging markers.

Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy Family Members With a Pathogenic Variant Can Have a Normal Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Skin Biopsy Beyond Age 50 Years.

Background: To determine whether extremely mild small vessel disease (SVD) phenotypes can occur in variant carriers from Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) pedigrees using clinical, genetic, neuroimaging, and skin biopsy findings.

Methods: Individuals from CADASIL pedigrees fulfilling criteria for extremely mild -associated SVD (mSVD) were selected from the cross-sectional Dutch CADASIL cohort (n=200), enrolled between 2017 and 2020. Brain magnetic resonance imaging were quantitatively assessed for SVD imaging markers.

Further delineation of phenotypic spectrum of SCN2A-related disorder.

SCN2A-related disorders include intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, seizures, episodic ataxia, and schizophrenia. In this study, the phenotype-genotype association in SCN2A-related disorders was further delineated by collecting detailed clinical and molecular characteristics. Using previously proposed genotype-phenotype hypotheses based on variant function and position, the potential of phenotype prediction from the variants found was examined.

NOTCH3 variant position is associated with NOTCH3 aggregation load in CADASIL vasculature.

Aims: CADASIL, the most prevalent hereditary cerebral small vessel disease, is caused by cysteine-altering NOTCH3 variants (NOTCH3 ) leading to vascular NOTCH3 protein aggregation. It has recently been shown that variants located in one of NOTCH3 protein epidermal growth-factor like repeat (EGFr) domains 1-6, are associated with a more severe phenotype than variants located in one of the EGFr domains 7-34. The underlying mechanism for this genotype-phenotype correlation is unknown.

Broad phenotype of cysteine-altering variants in UK Biobank: CADASIL to nonpenetrance.

Objective: To determine the small vessel disease spectrum associated with cysteine-altering variants in community-dwelling individuals by analyzing the clinical and neuroimaging features of UK Biobank participants harboring such variants.

Methods: The exome and genome sequencing datasets of the UK Biobank (n = 50,000) and cohorts of cognitively healthy elderly (n = 751) were queried for cysteine-altering variants. Brain MRIs of individuals harboring such variants were scored according to Standards for Reporting Vascular Changes on Neuroimaging criteria, and clinical information was extracted with ICD-10 codes.

Naturally occurring NOTCH3 exon skipping attenuates NOTCH3 protein aggregation and disease severity in CADASIL patients.

CADASIL is a vascular protein aggregation disorder caused by cysteine-altering NOTCH3 variants, leading to mid-adult-onset stroke and dementia. Here, we report individuals with a cysteine-altering NOTCH3 variant that induces exon 9 skipping, mimicking therapeutic NOTCH3 cysteine correction. The index came to our attention after a coincidental finding on a commercial screening MRI, revealing white matter hyperintensities.

Serum Neurofilament light correlates with CADASIL disease severity and survival.

Objective: To validate whether serum Neurofilament Light-chain (NfL) levels correlate with disease severity in CADASIL, and to determine whether serum NfL predicts disease progression and survival.

Methods: Fourty-one (pre-) manifest individuals with CADASIL causing mutations and 22 healthy controls were recruited from CADASIL families. At baseline, MRI-lesion load and clinical severity was determined and serum was stored.

Correction: Putting genome-wide sequencing in neonates into perspective.

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Pleuntje J. van der Sluijs, which was incorrectly given as Eline (P. J.

Putting genome-wide sequencing in neonates into perspective.

Purpose: Several studies have reported diagnostic yields up to 57% for rapid exome or genome sequencing (rES/GS) as a single test in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients, but the additional yield of rES/GS compared with other available diagnostic options still remains unquantified in this population.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all genetic NICU consultations in a 2-year period.

Results: In 132 retrospectively evaluated NICU consultations 27 of 32 diagnoses (84.

Correction: The effect of NOTCH3 pathogenic variant position on CADASIL disease severity: NOTCH3 EGFr 1-6 pathogenic variant are associated with a more severe phenotype and lower survival compared with EGFr 7-34 pathogenic variant.

This Article was originally published under Nature Research's License to Publish, but has now been made available under a [CC BY 4.0] license. The PDF and HTML versions of the Article have been modified accordingly.

The effect of NOTCH3 pathogenic variant position on CADASIL disease severity: NOTCH3 EGFr 1-6 pathogenic variant are associated with a more severe phenotype and lower survival compared with EGFr 7-34 pathogenic variant.

Purpose: CADASIL is a small-vessel disease caused by a cysteine-altering pathogenic variant in one of the 34 epidermal growth factor-like repeat (EGFr) domains of the NOTCH3 protein. We recently found that pathogenic variant in EGFr domains 7-34 have an unexpectedly high frequency in the general population (1:300). We hypothesized that EGFr 7-34 pathogenic variant more frequently cause a much milder phenotype, thereby explaining an important part of CADASIL disease variability.

Translational models for vascular cognitive impairment: a review including larger species.

Background: Disease models are useful for prospective studies of pathology, identification of molecular and cellular mechanisms, pre-clinical testing of interventions, and validation of clinical biomarkers. Here, we review animal models relevant to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). A synopsis of each model was initially presented by expert practitioners.

Archetypal mutations frequent in public exome: implications for CADASIL.

Objective: To determine the frequency of distinctive EGFr cysteine altering mutations in the 60,706 exomes of the exome aggregation consortium (ExAC) database.

Methods: ExAC was queried for mutations distinctive for cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), namely mutations leading to a cysteine amino acid change in one of the 34 EGFr domains of NOTCH3. The genotype-phenotype correlation predicted by the ExAC data was tested in an independent cohort of Dutch CADASIL patients using quantified MRI lesions.

Therapeutic NOTCH3 cysteine correction in CADASIL using exon skipping: in vitro proof of concept.

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, or CADASIL, is a hereditary cerebral small vessel disease caused by characteristic cysteine altering missense mutations in the NOTCH3 gene. NOTCH3 mutations in CADASIL result in an uneven number of cysteine residues in one of the 34 epidermal growth factor like-repeat (EGFr) domains of the NOTCH3 protein. The consequence of an unpaired cysteine residue in an EGFr domain is an increased multimerization tendency of mutant NOTCH3, leading to toxic accumulation of the protein in the (cerebro)vasculature, and ultimately reduced cerebral blood flow, recurrent stroke and vascular dementia.