Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in children undergoing induction therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

We present three cases of children with acute neurologic changes while undergoing induction chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). These cases fall into the spectrum of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS), including abrupt alterations in mental status, headache, seizures, visual changes, hypertension, and characteristic findings on magnetic resonance imaging. Although the underlying mechanism of RPLS is still under investigation, the appropriate treatment and management of the acute event is becoming clearer.

Magnetic resonance angiogram evidence of vasospasm in familial hemiplegic migraine.

We report a case of familial hemiplegic migraine in an 11-year-old girl who presented with coma and left hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed reversible vasospasm and evidence of oligemia, bringing new information regarding neurovascular changes in familial hemiplegic migraine.