Impaired Mitochondrial Microbicidal Responses in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Macrophages.

Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by impaired clearance of pulmonary bacteria.

Objectives: The effect of COPD on alveolar macrophage (AM) microbicidal responses was investigated.

Methods: AMs were obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage from healthy donors or patients with COPD and challenged with opsonized serotype 14 Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Enhanced immunogenicity of an HIV-1 DNA vaccine delivered with electroporation via combined intramuscular and intradermal routes.

Unlabelled: It is accepted that an effective prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine is likely to have the greatest impact on viral transmission rates. As previous reports have implicated DNA-priming, protein boost regimens to be efficient activators of humoral responses, we sought to optimize this regimen to further augment vaccine immunogenicity. Here we evaluated single versus concurrent intradermal (i.

Synergistic inhibition of the enzymatic activity of aminopeptidase N by divalent metal ion chelators.

Membranes of HEK293 cells that were transfected with human aminopeptidase N (AP-N, CD13, EC 3.4.11.

Angiotensin AT4 receptor ligand interaction with cystinyl aminopeptidase and aminopeptidase N: [125I]Angiotensin IV only binds to the cystinyl aminopeptidase apo-enzyme.

Due to its high affinity for [(125)I]Angiotensin IV, cystinyl aminopeptidase (CAP) has recently been assigned as the 'angiotensin AT(4) receptor'. Since the aminopeptidase N (AP-N) activity is also susceptible to inhibition by Angiotensin IV, it might represent an additional target for this peptide. Based on [(125)I]Angiotensin IV binding and catalytic activity measurements, we compared the ligand interaction properties of recombinant human CAP and human AP-N.