Injury-related emergency department use among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities insured by Medicaid from 2010 to 2016.

Objectives: Data on non-fatal injuries and visits to the emergency department (ED) for injuries are not readily available. The objective of this paper is to describe injury-related ED visits for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities who are covered by the Medicaid insurance programme.

Methods: We aggregated 2010-2016 Medicaid claims data from eight states.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Timing of Diagnosis and Clinical Services Received in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

Introduction: Racial/ethnic differences in diagnostic and treatment services have been identified for a range of health conditions and outcomes. The current study aimed to analyze whether there are racial/ethnic differences in the timing of diagnostic testing and treatments for males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

Methods: Diagnostic and clinical data for male individuals with DMD born during 1990-2010 were analyzed from eight sites (Arizona, Colorado, Georgia, Iowa, Piedmont Region of North Carolina, Western New York, South Carolina, and Utah) of the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance, Tracking, and Research Network (MD STARnet).

Temporal Association between Influenza Vaccination Coverage and Ambulatory Antibiotic Use in Children.

In this population-based retrospective cohort study, increased influenza vaccination coverage was temporally associated with a reduction in ambulatory antibiotic use in children. After adjustment for yearly vaccine effectiveness, antibiotic prescription rate declined by 3/1000 person-months for each 1% increase in influenza vaccination coverage between 2012 and 2017 in South Carolina (P < 0.001).

Health Service Utilization Patterns Among Medicaid-Insured Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Implications for Access Needs in Outpatient Community-Based Medical Services.

Limited existing evidence suggests that adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) experience substantial disparities in numerous areas of health care, including quality ambulatory care. A multistate cohort of adults with IDD was analyzed for patterns of inpatient admissions and emergency department utilization. Utilization was higher (inpatient [RR = 3.

infection and antibiotic prescription rates in the community: Explaining the gender gap.

In this cross-sectional population-based study, women had significantly higher crude incidence rates of both community-associated Clostridioides difficile infection (CA-CDI) and ambulatory antibiotic prescriptions compared to men in South Carolina in 2015. After adjustments for antibiotic prescription rates, there was no difference in the incidence rates of CA-CDI between the genders.

Disability, Hospital Care, and Cost: Utilization of Emergency and Inpatient Care by a Cohort of Children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

Objective: To use medical claims data to determine patterns of healthcare utilization in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities, including frequency of service utilization, conditions that require hospital care, and costs.

Study Design: Medicaid administrative claims from 4 states (Iowa, Massachusetts, New York, and South Carolina) from years 2008-2013 were analyzed, including 108 789 children (75 417 male; 33 372 female) under age 18 years with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Diagnoses included cerebral palsy, autism, fetal alcohol syndrome, Down syndrome/trisomy/autosomal deletions, other genetic conditions, and intellectual disability.

Temporal trends in ambulatory antibiotic prescription rates in South Carolina: Impact of age, gender, and resident location.

Objective: To examine the temporal trends in ambulatory antibiotic prescription fill rates and to determine the influences of age, gender, and location.

Design: Population-based cohort study.

Setting: Ambulatory setting in South Carolina.

Burden of community-associated Clostridioides difficile infection in southeastern United States: a population-based study.

Objectives: This cross-sectional population-based study aims to determine overall incidence rate of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in the State of South Carolina and provide an estimated cost of hospitalization due to community-associated CDI (CA-CDI).

Methods: All CDI cases in South Carolina were identified through National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) and the South Carolina Infectious Disease and Outbreak Network (SCION) from January 1, 2015 to June 30, 2016, excluding infants < 1 year of age.

Results: During the 18-month study period, 10,254 CDI events were identified in South Carolina residents with an overall incidence rate of 139/100,000 person-years.

Anti-Hypertensive Medication Use and Factors Related to Adherence Among Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are known to experience significant health disparities; however, few studies have described anti-hypertensive medication adherence in this population. Using administrative data from South Carolina from 2000-2014, we evaluated the odds of adherence to anti-hypertensive medication among a cohort of adults with IDD and hypertension. Approximately half (49.

Risk factors for falls among boys under 18 years with muscular dystrophy.

Purpose: Studies have shown that children with muscular dystrophy are at increased risk for falls, however there is insufficient information about what predicts the first and subsequent events. The purpose of this study was to describe the experience of injury with emphasis on identifying risk factors for fall-related injuries.

Methods: We studied 269 boys with muscular dystrophy describing their injury experience and identifying risk and protective factors associated with 281 non-simultaneous injuries and 127 falls that resulted in Emergency Department visits and/or inpatient hospitalization during the period 1998-2014.

The effect of steroid treatment on weight in nonambulatory males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

To describe the long-term effect of steroid treatment on weight in nonambulatory males with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), we identified 392 males age 7-29 years with 4,512 weights collected after ambulation loss (176 steroid-naïve and 216 treated with steroids ≥6 months) from the Muscular Dystrophy Surveillance, Tracking, and Research Network (MD STARnet). Comparisons were made between the weight growth curves for steroid-naïve males with DMD, steroid-treated males with DMD, and the US pediatric male population. Using linear mixed-effects models adjusted for race/ethnicity and birth year, we evaluated the association between weight-for-age and steroid treatment characteristics (age at initiation, dosing interval, cumulative duration, cumulative dose, type).

Using Medicaid Data to Characterize Persons With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Five U.S. States.

This project sought to identify Medicaid members with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in five states (Delaware, Iowa, Massachusetts, New York, and South Carolina) to develop a cohort for subsequent analyses of medical conditions and service utilization. We estimated that over 300,000 Medicaid members in these states had IDD. All members with diagnostic codes for IDD were identified and the three most frequent diagnoses were unspecified intellectual disability, autism or pervasive developmental disorder, and cerebral palsy.

Capture-recapture methodology to study rare conditions using surveillance data for fragile X syndrome and muscular dystrophy.

Background: Rare conditions can be catastrophic for families and the implications for public health can be substantial. Our study compared basic surveillance through active medical record review with a linked administrative data file to assess the number of cases of two rare conditions, fragile X syndrome (FXS) and muscular dystrophy (MD) in a population.

Methods: Two methods of data collection were used to collect information from five counties comprising two standard metropolitan statistical areas of South Carolina.

Fourth-grade children's dietary reporting accuracy by meal component: Results from a validation study that manipulated retention interval and prompts.

We examined reporting accuracy by meal component (beverage, bread, breakfast meat, combination entrée, condiment, dessert, entrée, fruit, vegetable) with validation-study data on 455 fourth-grade children (mean age = 9.92 ± 0.41 years) observed eating school meals and randomized to one of eight dietary recall conditions (two retention intervals [short, long] crossed with four prompts [forward, meal-name, open, reverse]).

Using Administrative Data to Ascertain True Cases of Muscular Dystrophy: Rare Disease Surveillance.

Background: Administrative records from insurance and hospital discharge data sources are important public health tools to conduct passive surveillance of disease in populations. Identifying rare but catastrophic conditions is a challenge since approaches for maximizing valid case detection are not firmly established.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to explore a number of algorithms in which International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes and other administrative variables could be used to identify cases of muscular dystrophy (MD).

Fourth-Grade Children's Reporting Accuracy for Amounts Eaten at School-Provided Meals: Insight from a Reporting-Error-Sensitive Analytic Approach Applied to Validation Study Data.

Background: Validation studies that have directly assessed reporting accuracy for amounts eaten have provided results in various ways.

Objective: To analyze amount categories of a reporting-error-sensitive approach for insight concerning reporting accuracy for amounts eaten.

Design: For a cross-sectional validation study, children were observed eating school-provided breakfast and lunch, and randomized to one of eight 24-hour recall conditions (two retention intervals [short and long] crossed with four prompts [forward, meal name, open, and reverse]).

Testing the Feasibility of a Passive and Active Case Ascertainment System for Multiple Rare Conditions Simultaneously: The Experience in Three US States.

Background: Owing to their low prevalence, single rare conditions are difficult to monitor through current state passive and active case ascertainment systems. However, such monitoring is important because, as a group, rare conditions have great impact on the health of affected individuals and the well-being of their caregivers. A viable approach could be to conduct passive and active case ascertainment of several rare conditions simultaneously.

Children's school-breakfast reports and school-lunch reports (in 24-h dietary recalls): conventional and reporting-error-sensitive measures show inconsistent accuracy results for retention interval and breakfast location.

Validation-study data were analysed to investigate retention interval (RI) and prompt effects on the accuracy of fourth-grade children's reports of school-breakfast and school-lunch (in 24-h recalls), and the accuracy of school-breakfast reports by breakfast location (classroom; cafeteria). Randomly selected fourth-grade children at ten schools in four districts were observed eating school-provided breakfast and lunch, and were interviewed under one of eight conditions created by crossing two RIs ('short'--prior-24-hour recall obtained in the afternoon and 'long'--previous-day recall obtained in the morning) with four prompts ('forward'--distant to recent, 'meal name'--breakfast, etc., 'open'--no instructions, and 'reverse'--recent to distant).

Test-Retest Reliability of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey's 5-Item Food Insecurity Questionnaire Completed by Fourth-Grade Children.

Objective: To examine test-retest reliability and internal consistency of a 5-item food insecurity questionnaire used in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Methods: Researchers administered NHANES's questionnaire in the classroom to 92 fourth-grade children (74 African American; 48 girls) in 2 sessions 27-30 days apart in spring, 2011. Each classroom administration lasted 5-10 minutes.

Skin Ulcers and Mortality Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Spina Bifida in South Carolina During 2000-2010.

The authors investigated 48 deaths (7% death rate) among 690 adolescents and young adults with spina bifida in South Carolina during 2000-2010. The authors used Medicaid and other administrative data and a retrospective cohort design that included people with spina bifida identified using ICD-9 codes. Cox regression models with time-dependent and time-invariant covariates, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed.

Effectiveness of Prompts on Fourth-Grade Children's Dietary Recall Accuracy Depends on Retention Interval and Varies by Gender.

Background: Dietary recall accuracy is related to retention interval (RI) (i.e., time between to-be-reported meals and the interview), and possibly to prompts.

Impact of a Telepsychiatry Program at Emergency Departments Statewide on the Quality, Utilization, and Costs of Mental Health Services.

Objective: This study estimated the impact of a statewide, centralized telepsychiatry service provided in nonpsychiatric emergency departments (EDs) on use of mental health services.

Methods: Individuals treated via telepsychiatry were compared with a matched control group of individuals with mental health diagnoses who were treated in nonparticipating hospitals. Bivariate and two-part and generalized linear regression models were used to assess differences between the two groups in outpatient follow-up, hospital admission following the ED visit, length of hospital stay if admitted, and inpatient and total costs.

Emergency department and inpatient hospitalizations for young people with fragile X syndrome.

We compared hospital encounters between adolescents and young adults with fragile X syndrome (FXS) to peers with intellectual disability (ID) from other causes, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and a comparison group without these conditions matched by gender, age, and insurance coverage. Those with FXS, ASD, or ID were more likely to have had hospital encounters. In terms of age groups, we found mental illness hospitalizations decreased during adulthood as compared to adolescence for those with FXS, and we found that for conditions unrelated to FXS (e.