GIP Affects Hepatic Fat and Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis but Not White Adipose Tissue Transcriptome in Type 1 Diabetes.

Context: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) has been proposed to exert insulin-independent effects on lipid and bone metabolism.

Objective: We investigated the effects of a 6-day subcutaneous GIP infusion on circulating lipids, white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), hepatic fat content, inflammatory markers, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and bone homeostasis in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study, 20 men with type 1 diabetes underwent a 6-day continuous subcutaneous infusion with GIP (6 pmol/kg/min) and placebo (saline), with an interposed 7-day washout period.

Finding diabetic nephropathy biomarkers in the plasma peptidome by high-throughput magnetic bead processing and MALDI-TOF-MS analysis.

Purpose And Experimental Design: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease and improved biomarkers would help identify high-risk individuals. The aim of this study was to discover candidate biomarkers for DN in the plasma peptidome in an in-house cross-sectional cohort (n=122) of type 1 diabetic patients diagnosed with normo-, micro-, and macroalbuminuria.

Results: Automated, high-throughput, and reproducible (interassay median CV: 13-14%) plasma peptide profiling protocols involving RPC18 and weak cation exchange magnetic beads on a liquid handling workstation with a MALDI-TOF-MS readout were successfully established.

Postprandial lipid responses of butter blend containing fish oil in a single-meal study in humans.

The postprandial effects of a butter product containing fish oil were investigated in a single-meal, randomized crossover study with a commercial butter product as the control. Twelve healthy males consumed two test meals with (13)C-labelled cholesterol (45 mg) and either an interesterified butter blend with fish oil (352 mg n-3 long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA)) or the commercial butter blend. Blood samples were collected after the meals and in the fasting condition on the test day and the following morning, and were analysed for cholesterol absorption, plasma lipid profile and fatty acid composition.

Mass spectrometry is only one piece of the puzzle in clinical proteomics.

Biomarker discovery in clinical proteomics is being performed on relatively large patient cohorts by utilizing the high throughput of laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI- and SELDI-TOF-MS). Dealing directly with patient samples as opposed to working in cell or animal systems requires a host of considerations both before and after mass spectrometric analysis to obtain robust biomarker candidates. The challenges associated with the heterogeneity of typical samples are amplified by the ability to detect hundreds to thousands of proteins simultaneously.

Butter blend containing fish oil improves the level of n-3 fatty acids in biological tissues of hamster.

Many studies have shown beneficial effects of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on human health. Regardless of the positive effects of n-3 PUFA, the intake of these fatty acids remains low. An approach to increase the intake of n-3 PUFA in the population is to incorporate fish oil into food.