Bread Consumption and Cancer Risk: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

Because bread can contain potential carcinogens such as acrylamide, and is widely consumed, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether bread consumption is associated with increased cancer risk. PubMed and Medline databases were searched up to 1 March 2024, for studies that provided hazard ratios (HRs) (or similar) for bread consumption and cancer incidence or mortality. Only prospective cohort studies were included.

A single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, two-arm study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of once-weekly sirolimus (rapamycin) on muscle strength and endurance in older adults following a 13-week exercise program.

Background: Aging leads to a decline in muscle mass and strength, contributing to frailty and decreased quality of life. Sirolimus (rapamycin) , an mTOR inhibitor, has shown potential in preclinical studies to extend lifespan and improve health span. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of once-weekly sirolimus (rapamycin) administration on muscle strength and endurance in older adults engaged in a 13-week exercise program.

The UK Breast Cancer in Pregnancy (UKBCiP) Study. Incidence, diagnosis, management and short-term outcomes of breast cancer first diagnosed during pregnancy in the United Kingdom: A population-based descriptive study.

Background: The incidence of breast cancer first arising during pregnancy has been estimated in several countries to be 2.4-7.8/100,000 births, but has not been established in the United Kingdom (UK).

An Exploration of People Living with Parkinson's Experience of Cardio-Drumming; Parkinson's Beats: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study.

Research has shown that physical activity has a range of benefits for people living with Parkinson's (PLwP), improving muscle strength, balance, flexibility, and walking, as well as non-motor symptoms such as mood. Parkinson's Beats is a form of cardio-drumming, specifically adapted for PLwP, and requires no previous experience nor skills. Nineteen PLwP (aged between 55 and 80) took part in the regular Parkinson's Beats sessions in-person or online.

Parental concerns about genital differences in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia persist regardless of the selected intervention.

Background: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21HD) can affect the in utero development of the genital anatomy of people with the 46XX karyotype. Health professionals engage parents in decision-making regarding managing genitals with this difference, including genital surgery options and patient communication.

Aim: We sought to investigate parental communication with their daughters regarding clitoral size variation related to neonatal CAH.

What is available to support pain management in Parkinson's: a scoping review protocol.

Objective: A scoping review will be undertaken to examine and map the available evidence that has been produced in relation to pain management in Parkinson's, with a focus on behavioural interventions, resources and/or how professionals support people with Parkinson's self-management of pain.

Methods: This review will be based on the methodological framework given by Arksey and O'Malley's (2005), including enhancements by Levac et al., Peters et al.

Integration of nurse-led virtual reviews with growth hormone device-linked patient adherence information: a mixed methods feasibility study.

Introduction: Easypod-connect™ for childhood growth disorders is a unique connected system that enables transmission of injection adherence information for recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH). Although this system has the potential to facilitate greater adherence, observational studies have shown declining adherence over prolonged periods when used without additional support. Supplemental nurse practitioner support has been envisaged but not investigated; in this study, we have undertaken feasibility analysis of nurse-led virtual reviews (NVR) in combination with easypod-connect™ in a single centre using quantitative and qualitative analyses.

Macadamia nut effects on cardiometabolic risk factors: a randomised trial.

We sought to examine the effects of daily consumption of macadamia nuts on body weight and composition, plasma lipids and glycaemic parameters in a free-living environment in overweight and obese adults at elevated cardiometabolic risk. Utilising a randomised cross-over design, thirty-five adults with abdominal obesity consumed their usual diet plus macadamia nuts (~15 % of daily calories) for 8 weeks (intervention) and their usual diet without nuts for 8 weeks (control), with a 2-week washout. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance; dietary intake was assessed with 24-h dietary recalls.

RNA analysis of intronic variants in the LAMA2 gene detected by whole genome sequencing confirms a rare dual diagnosis of incontinentia pigmenti with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.

We see that a multiple methods approach to diagnosis remains necessary in the era of whole genome sequencing. We also observe that reproductive risk genetic counseling can be a motivating factor for further testing along the diagnostic odyssey.

IgE Depletion with Ligelizumab Does Not Significantly Improve Clinical Symptoms in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis.

Background: The value, if any, of anti-IgE approaches in the treatment of atopic dermatitis has not been fully clarified. Studies using the anti-IgE omalizumab have yielded conflicting results.

Objective: Antibodies with an IgE-suppressive capacity stronger than omalizumab might be more efficacious.

Application of a New Carbohydrate Food Quality Scoring System: An Expert Panel Report.

Carbohydrate foods (≥40% energy from carbohydrates) are the main source of energy in the US diet. In contrast to national-level dietary guidance, many regularly consumed carbohydrate foods are low in fiber and whole grains but high in added sugar, sodium, and/or saturated fat. Given the important contribution of higher-quality carbohydrate foods to affordable healthy diets, new metrics are needed to convey the concept of carbohydrate quality to policymakers, food industry stakeholders, health professionals, and consumers.

The global historical climate database HCLIM.

There is a growing need for past weather and climate data to support science and decision-making. This paper describes the compilation and construction of a global multivariable (air temperature, pressure, precipitation sum, number of precipitation days) monthly instrumental climate database that encompasses a substantial body of the known early instrumental time series. The dataset contains series compiled from existing databases that start before 1890 (though continuing to the present) as well as a large amount of newly rescued data.

Clinical and functional characterization of germline PIK3CA variants in patients with PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum disorders.

Mosaic variants in the PIK3CA gene, encoding the catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), produce constitutive PI3K activation, which causes PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum disorders. To date, fewer than 20 patients have been described with germline alterations in PIK3CA. In this study, we describe three unrelated individuals with overgrowth and germline PIK3CA variants.

Anti-IL-17A blockade did not significantly reduce inflammatory lesions in a placebo-controlled pilot study in adult patients with moderate to severe acne.

Background: CJM112 is a potent anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody, whose clinical efficacy in psoriasis was recently documented. This study aimed to assess the effect of IL-17A blockade, using CJM112, in patients with moderate to severe acne.

Methods: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, proof-of-concept study was conducted on patients with moderate to severe acne.

Mosaicism of common pathogenic MECP2 variants identified in two males with a clinical diagnosis of Rett syndrome.

Rett (RTT) syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by pathogenic variation in the MECP2 gene, is characterized by developmental regression, loss of purposeful hand movements, stereotypic hand movements, abnormal gait, and loss of spoken language. Due to the X-linked inheritance pattern, RTT is typically limited to females. Recent studies revealed somatic mosaicism in MECP2 in male patients with RTT-like phenotypes.

A Systematic Review on Physical Health Education Interventions for People with Parkinson's Disease: Content, Impact, and Implementation Considerations Across the Parkinson's Trajectory.

Background: Educational interventions promoting the role of physical activity (PA) aim to address knowledge, poor exercise self-efficacy, and low outcome expectations, which are well-researched barriers to PA participation in healthy and in people with chronic conditions. However, little is known about the effectiveness of educational interventions in addressing these barriers in people with Parkinson's (PwP).

Objective: To examine the content of education interventions that promote PA behavior in PwP, and to assess their effectiveness on physical and psychosocial outcomes.

A New Carbohydrate Food Quality Scoring System to Reflect Dietary Guidelines: An Expert Panel Report.

Existing metrics of carbohydrate food quality have been based, for the most part, on favorable fiber- and free sugar-to-carbohydrate ratios. In these metrics, higher nutritional quality carbohydrate foods are defined as those with >10% fiber and <10% free sugar per 100 g carbohydrate. Although fiber- and sugar-based metrics may help to differentiate the nutritional quality of various types of grain products, they may not aptly capture the nutritional quality of other healthy carbohydrate foods, including beans, legumes, vegetables, and fruits.

Consensus, Global Definitions of Whole Grain as a Food Ingredient and of Whole-Grain Foods Presented on Behalf of the Whole Grain Initiative.

Proposed global definitions of whole grain as an ingredient and whole grain food are presented by the authors on behalf of the Whole Grain Initiative. Whole grains are an important pillar of healthy and sustainable diets. Internationally accepted credible definitions of whole grains as food ingredients and whole-grain foods are necessary to ensure that all global stakeholders have shared standards, and that consumers find them clear, credible, and useful.

Implementing the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: Recommendations for a Path Forward.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) provide science-based recommendations for healthy dietary patterns to promote health and reduce risk of chronic diseases. Yet, since their inception in 1980 and updates every 5 y, Americans fall short of meeting dietary recommendations and diet-related chronic diseases continue to be a public health concern. In May of 2021, the Institute of Food Technologists and the Department of Food Science at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, convened a diverse group of thought leaders in health, nutrition, and food science to identify opportunities and approaches to improve consumer adoption of the DGA recommendations.

Implementing the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: Recommendations for a path forward.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) provide science-based recommendations for healthy dietary patterns to promote health and reduce risk of chronic diseases. Yet, since their inception in 1980 and updates every 5 years, Americans fall short of meeting dietary recommendations and diet-related chronic diseases continue to be a public health concern. In May of 2021, the Institute of Food Technologists and the Department of Food Science at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, convened a diverse group of thought leaders in health, nutrition, and food science to identify opportunities and approaches to improve consumer adoption of the DGA recommendations.

Structural model of human PORCN illuminates disease-associated variants and drug-binding sites.

Wnt signaling is essential for normal development and is a therapeutic target in cancer. The enzyme PORCN, or porcupine, is a membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) that is required for the post-translational modification of all Wnts, adding an essential mono-unsaturated palmitoleic acid to a serine on the tip of Wnt hairpin 2. Inherited mutations in PORCN cause focal dermal hypoplasia, and therapeutic inhibition of PORCN slows the growth of Wnt-dependent cancers.