The evolution of augmented reality to augment physical therapy: A scoping review.

Augmented reality is increasingly used in health care, yet little is known about how AR is being used in physical therapy practice and what clinical outcomes could occur with technology use. In this scoping review, a broad literature review was conducted to gain an understanding of current knowledge of AR use and outcomes in physical therapy practice. A structured literature search of articles published between 2000 to September 2023 that examined the use of AR in a physical therapy context was conducted.

Primary care barriers and facilitators to nonpharmacologic treatments for low back pain: A qualitative pilot study.

Background: Clinical practice guidelines encourage primary care providers (PCPs) to recommend nonpharmacologic treatment as first-line therapy for low back pain (LBP). However, the determinants of nonpharmacologic treatment use for LBP in primary care remain unclear, particularly in low-income settings.

Objective: To pilot a framework-informed interview guide and codebook to explore determinants of nonpharmacologic treatment use in primary care.

Trends in Chiropractic Care and Physical Rehabilitation Use Among Adults with Low Back Pain in the United States, 2002 to 2018.

Background: While nonpharmacologic treatments are increasingly endorsed as first-line therapy for low back pain (LBP) in clinical practice guidelines, it is unclear if use of these treatments is increasing or equitable.

Objective: Examine national trends in chiropractic care and physical rehabilitation (occupational/physical therapy (OT/PT)) use among adults with LBP.

Design/setting: Serial cross-sectional analysis of the National Health Interview Survey, 2002 to 2018.

Can Yoga or Physical Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain Improve Depression and Anxiety Among Adults From a Racially Diverse, Low-Income Community? A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To determine and compare the effect of yoga, physical therapy (PT), and education on depressive and anxious symptoms in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP).

Design: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Academic safety net hospital and 7 community health centers.

The Association of Pain Phenotype with Neuromuscular Impairments and Mobility Limitations Among Older Primary Care Patients: A Secondary Analysis of the Boston Rehabilitative Impairment Study of the Elderly.

Background: Clarifying the relationship between pain phenotypes and physical function in older adults may enhance screening and treatment for functional decline in primary care settings.

Objective: To investigate the association of more severe pain phenotypes with neuromuscular impairments or mobility limitations among older community-dwelling primary care patients.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis.

Efficacy of Computer-Based Telephone Counseling on Long-Term Adherence to Strength Training in Elderly Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Trial.

Objective: To determine whether the Boston Overcoming Osteoarthritis through Strength Training Telephone-Linked Communication (BOOST-TLC) program, a novel telephone-based, motivational, strength-training exercise-adherence counseling intervention, improved adherence to a strength-training exercise program over 2 years.

Methods: Participants were recruited for this 2-year, single-blind, parallel-arm randomized controlled trial from knee osteoarthritis patient registries, community newspapers, and online websites in Massachusetts. Eligibility criteria included age 50 years or older, painful knee osteoarthritis, and ability to use a telephone.

Exercise adherence: beliefs of adults with knee osteoarthritis over 2 years.

Exercise is an established treatment to alleviate pain and improve function among adults with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, long-term adherence to exercise is poor and effective approaches to support adherence are limited. Here, we report on an ancillary study to a randomized controlled trial (RCT) where the primary outcome was 2-year adherence to a home based strength-training program.

Detecting functional change in response to exercise in knee osteoarthritis: a comparison of two computerized adaptive tests.

Background: The intent of this study was to examine and compare the ability to detect change of two patient reported outcome (PRO) instruments that use a computerized adaptive test (CAT) approach to measurement. The Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) Physical Function scale is a generic PRO, while the Osteoarthritis Computerized Adaptive Test (OA-CAT) is an osteoarthritis-specific PRO.

Methods: This descriptive, longitudinal study was conducted in a community setting, involving individuals from the greater Boston area.

Efficacy of a Work Disability Prevention Program for People with Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Single-Blind Parallel-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Work disability rates are high among people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal conditions. Effective disability preventive programs are needed. We examined the efficacy of a modified vocational rehabilitation approach delivered by trained occupational therapists and physical therapists on work limitation and work loss over 2 years among people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal conditions.

Affect and Incident Participation Restriction in Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis.

Objective: Participation restriction, common among people with knee osteoarthritis (OA), may be influenced by affect. We examined the risk of incident participation restriction over 84 months conferred by positive and negative affect among people with knee OA.

Methods: Participants were from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study and had or were at high risk of knee OA.

Construct Validity and Scoring Methods of the World Health Organization: Health and Work Performance Questionnaire Among Workers With Arthritis and Rheumatological Conditions.

Objective: To evaluate construct validity and scoring methods of the world health organization-health and work performance questionnaire (HPQ) for people with arthritis.

Methods: Construct validity was examined through hypothesis testing using the recommended guidelines of the consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN).

Results: The HPQ using the absolute scoring method showed moderate construct validity as four of the seven hypotheses were met.

Perceived Community Environmental Factors and Risk of Five-Year Participation Restriction Among Older Adults With or at Risk of Knee Osteoarthritis.

Objective: Older adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA) who live in environments with mobility barriers may be at greater risk of developing participation restrictions, defined as difficulties in engagement in life situations. We investigated the risk of participation restriction over 5 years due to self-reported environmental features among older adults with knee OA.

Methods: Participants from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis (MOST) Study self-reported participation at baseline, 30 months, and 60 months using the instrumental role subscale of the Late Life Disability Index (LLDI).

The Work-It Study for people with arthritis: Study protocol and baseline sample characteristics.

Background: People with arthritis are at risk of work disability. Job accommodation and educational programs delivered before imminent work loss can minimize work disability, yet are not currently being widely implemented. The Work-It Study is a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of a problem solving program delivered by physical and occupational therapy practitioners to prevent work loss over a two-year period among people with arthritis and rheumatological conditions.

Critical Appraisal of the Quality of Literature Evaluating Psychometric Properties of Arthritis Work Outcome Assessments: A Systematic Review.

Objective: To systematically rate the evidence on the measurement properties of work functioning instruments for people with arthritis and other rheumatologic conditions.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted through a structured search to identify the quality of articles describing studies of assessment development and studies of their psychometric properties. The Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist was used to appraise the included studies.

Which Features of the Environment Impact Community Participation of Older Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The objective of this study is to identify features of the environment associated with community participation of older adults.

Method: A systematic review of studies that examined associations between environment and community participation in older adults was conducted. Environmental features were extracted and grouped using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health's environmental categories.

Longitudinal and Reciprocal Relationships Between Depression and Disability in Older Women Caregivers and Noncaregivers.

Purpose Of The Study: Depressive symptoms and disability each increase the risk of the other, yet few studies have examined reciprocal associations between these conditions in a single study, or over periods longer than 3 years. These associations may differ in older caregivers due to chronic stress, health characteristics, or factors related to caregiving.

Design And Methods: Structural equation models were used to investigate relationships between depressive symptoms and disability over 3 interviews spanning 6 years among 956 older women (M = 81.

The Work Activity and Participation Outcomes Framework: a new look at work disability outcomes through the lens of the ICF.

Work disability is common among people with chronic conditions. The terminology in the field is variable and often used interchangeably and there is a lack of comprehensive frameworks to describe work as an outcome. Varied operationalization of work disability makes it difficult to establish precise estimates of the impact of chronic musculoskeletal conditions on work.

Participation following knee replacement: the MOST cohort study.

Background: Participation is an important, yet seldom studied, outcome after total knee replacement (TKR).

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent and predictors of participation and participation restriction among people after TKR.

Materials And Methods: This study investigated the changes in pain, function, and participation scores (measured using a subscale of the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument) from pre-TKR to ≥1 year post-TKR among a subsample of participants from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST) longitudinal cohort (MOST is funded by the National Institutes of Health).

When it hurts, a positive attitude may help: association of positive affect with daily walking in knee osteoarthritis. Results from a multicenter longitudinal cohort study.

Objective: While depressive symptoms and knee pain are independently known to impede daily walking in older adults, it is unknown whether positive affect promotes daily walking. This study investigated this association among adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and examined whether knee pain modified this association.

Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analysis of the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study.

Exercise: necessary but not sufficient for improving function and preventing disability?

Purpose Of Review: Several recent clinical trials and systematic reviews have examined functional outcomes of exercise programs in two populations: older adults and adults with knee arthritis. We synthesize recent clinical trials and systematic reviews to examine whether the links between exercise and functional outcomes are better understood than they were a decade ago.

Recent Findings: Systematic reviews and current clinical trials reveal a modest beneficial effect of progressive resistance training (strengthening programs) and aerobic programs on strength, pain, and function in both populations.