Intra-Arterial, but Not Intrathecal, Baclofen and Codeine Attenuates Cough in the Cat.

Centrally-acting antitussive drugs are thought to act solely in the brainstem. However, the role of the spinal cord in the mechanism of action of these drugs is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if antitussive drugs act in the spinal cord to reduce the magnitude of tracheobronchial (TB) cough-related expiratory activity.

Pharmacy resident involvement in prior-authorization drug request adjudication.

Purpose: Results of a study to determine economic outcomes of pharmacy residents' involvement in prior-authorization drug request (PADR) adjudication within a Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system are reported.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted to identify PADRs adjudicated by pharmacy residents under a preceptor's supervision during the 2015-16 residency year. Only PADRs that were not approved as submitted (i.

Assessing Parenting Capacity in Psychiatric Mother and Baby Units: A case report and review of literature.

Aims And Hypothesis: This review aimed to improve infant risk assessments in the context of maternal mental illness by identifying key predictors of poor parenting outcomes.

Background: Inadequate parenting as a result of severe and persistent mental illness is a common reason for courts terminating parental rights. However, the current practice of parenting capacity assessments in the setting of perinatal psychiatry is fraught with risks and uncertainty.