Psychosocial and executive functioning late effects in pediatric brain tumor survivors after proton radiation.

Purpose: Pediatric brain tumor survivors can experience detrimental effects from radiation treatment. This cross-sectional, large cohort study examined late psychosocial and executive functioning effects in pediatric patients treated ≥ 3 years after proton radiation therapy (PRT).

Methods: Parents of 101 pediatric brain tumor survivors completed the Behavior Assessment System for Children and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function.

Long term neuropsychological outcomes of a pediatric ETANTR brain tumor: A case study.

Survivors of pediatric brain tumors are at high risk for long-term neuropsychological difficulties. In the current case study, we present longitudinal neuropsychological data spanning 10 years (from age 9 to 19 years) of a patient with a rare, very large, bifrontal, embryonal tumor with abundant neuropil and true rosettes (ETANTR), which is typically associated with poor survivorship and significant neurological impact. Results demonstrated that the patient had largely intact cognitive functioning with specific difficulties in executive functioning, fine motor skills, and adaptive functioning at her most recent neuropsychology 10-year follow-up.

Evaluation of Upper Airway Stimulation for Adolescents With Down Syndrome and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Importance: Patients with Down syndrome have a high incidence of persistent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and limited treatment options. Upper airway hypoglossal stimulation has been shown to be effective for adults with OSA but has not yet been evaluated for pediatric populations.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of upper airway stimulation for adolescent patients with Down syndrome and severe OSA.

The development and implementation of teleneuropsychology in an academic lifespan neuropsychology center: Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Teleneuropsychology (TNP) became a critical means for providing care during the COVID-19 pandemic and may continue as an option for delivery of neuropsychological services. To understand how patient characteristics impact clinician decisions and service models, this study examines practice patterns within a lifespan outpatient neuropsychology center before, during and post-pandemic.

Methods: Patient volume, demographics, and characteristics were compared across four, 3-month time intervals in 2019-2020.

Feasibility and Acceptance of Direct-to-Home Tele-neuropsychology Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: Neuropsychological assessment via video conferencing has been proposed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Existing literature has demonstrated feasibility and acceptance of neuropsychological measures administered by videoconference, although few studies have examined feasibility and patient acceptance of TNP visits directly to patients' homes (DTH-TNP).

Methods: We modified a previously published patient satisfaction survey for DTH-TNP and developed a clinician feasibility survey to examine experiences during DTH-TNP.

Redefining Success by Focusing on Failures After Pediatric Hypoglossal Stimulation in Down Syndrome.

Objectives/hypothesis: Patients with Down syndrome have a high incidence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and limited treatment options. Hypoglossal stimulation has shown efficacy but has not yet been approved for pediatric populations. Our objective is to characterize the therapy response of adolescent patients with down syndrome and severe OSA who underwent hypoglossal stimulation.

Resistance-Related Injuries Among Law Enforcement Officers: Addressing the Empirical Gap.

Introduction: Officers can be unintentionally injured during officer-suspect interactions, and these injuries are often not coded as assaults. This article defines and enumerates injuries that officers sustain while chasing, detaining, arresting, or pursuing suspects. These are termed resistance-related injuries.

A comparison study assessing neuropsychological outcome of patients with post-operative pediatric cerebellar mutism syndrome and matched controls after proton radiation therapy.

Purpose: Post-operative pediatric cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS), characterized by mutism, ataxia/hypotonia, and emotional lability, can result in long-term deficits following resection of posterior fossa (PF) tumors. This longitudinal study compared neuropsychological outcomes of pediatric patients with post-operative CMS to a matched control patient group without CMS.

Methods: Fifty-eight PF tumor patients received post-surgical proton radiation therapy (PRT) and testing at baseline and at ≥ 1-year post-PRT over a 10-year period.

Cognitive and Adaptive Outcomes After Proton Radiation for Pediatric Patients With Brain Tumors.

Purpose: Radiation therapy is integral in treatment of pediatric brain tumors, but it is associated with negative long-term sequelae. Proton beam radiation therapy (PRT), which enables better focusing of radiation on tumors, may entail fewer sequelae. This prospective study examined cognitive and adaptive functioning in children and young adults treated with PRT.

Estimated IQ Systematically Underestimates Neurocognitive Sequelae in Irradiated Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors.

Purpose: While cranial irradiation is often essential to attain a cure for pediatric brain tumors, it is associated with adverse neurocognitive outcomes, primarily manifested as declines in full-scale IQ (FSIQ). This decline results primarily from a decline in processing speed, a component of FSIQ. However, estimated IQ (EIQ) is frequently used in research and clinical settings but does not incorporate processing speed.

Left hippocampal dosimetry correlates with visual and verbal memory outcomes in survivors of pediatric brain tumors.

Background: Radiotherapy (RT) in the pediatric brain tumor population causes late neurocognitive effects. In the current study, the authors investigated associations between clinical and dosimetric risk factors and memory outcomes in a cohort of patients treated with proton radiotherapy (PRT).

Methods: A total of 70 patients (median age at PRT, 12.

Down syndrome: Cognitive and behavioral functioning across the lifespan.

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) commonly possess unique neurocognitive and neurobehavioral profiles that emerge within specific developmental periods. These profiles are distinct relative to others with similar intellectual disability (ID) and reflect underlying neuroanatomic findings, providing support for a distinctive phenotypic profile. This review updates what is known about the cognitive and behavioral phenotypes associated with DS across the lifespan.