Triage nurse-initiated X-ray radiography in minor trauma.

Background: Overcrowding of paediatric emergency departments (EDs) is a worldwide issue, where improving the quality of care is a priority. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of triage nurse-initiated X-ray radiography on length of stay in paediatric emergency admissions.

Methods: This retrospective, monocentric, descriptive study was performed in two successive 3-month periods: a pre-protocol ('before') period from 3 February to 3 May 2020 and a protocol ('after') period from 4 May to 2 August 2020, when patients underwent nurse-initiated X-ray radiography.

Understanding the cryotolerance of lactic acid bacteria using combined synchrotron infrared and fluorescence microscopies.

Freezing is widely used for preserving different types of cells. Frozen concentrates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are extensively used for manufacturing food, probiotic products and for green chemistry and medical applications. However, the freezing and thawing processes cause cell injuries that result in significant cell death.