and deformed wing virus interaction increases incidence of winter mortality in honey bee colonies.

Winter mortality of honey bee colonies represents a major source of economic loss for the beekeeping industry. The objectives of this prospective study were to estimate the incidence risk of winter colony mortality in southwestern Quebec, Canada and to evaluate and quantify the impact of the associated risk factors. A total of 242 colonies from 31 apiaries was selected for sampling in August 2017.

Prevalence of pathogens in honey bee colonies and association with clinical signs in southwestern Quebec, Canada.

Honey bees can be affected by a variety of pathogens, which impacts their vital role as pollinators in agriculture. A cross-sectional study was conducted in southwestern Quebec to: i) estimate the prevalence of 11 bee pathogens; ii) assess the agreement between beekeeper suspicion of a disease and laboratory detection of the causative pathogen; and iii) explore the association between observed clinical signs and pathogen detection in a colony. A total of 242 colonies in 31 apiaries owned by 15 beekeepers was sampled in August 2017.

Beekeeping management practices in southwestern Quebec.

The growing number of honey bee colonies and beekeepers in Canada has led to a great diversity of beekeeping practices. All beekeeping operations, however, need to implement consistent management measures for the control of diseases. The objective of this study was to document the actual disease management practices of beekeeping productions in southwestern Quebec, Canada.

Use of Metatarsophalangeal Joint Dorsal Subluxation in the Diagnosis of Plantar Plate Rupture.

A dorsal drawer exam, also known as a modified Lachman's test, is a common clinical test for plantar plate insufficiency. This disorder presents as a dislocated metatarsophalangeal joint. The aim of this cadaveric case study was to quantify the degree of the plantar plate pathology necessary to correlate with a positive Lachman's test.