Using socially-sensed data to infer ZIP level characteristics for the spatiotemporal analysis of drug-related health problems in Maryland.

This research investigated how socially sensed data can be used to detect ZIP level characteristics that are associated with spatial and temporal patterns of Emergency Department patients with a chief complaint and/or diagnosis of overdose or drug-related health problems for four hospitals in Baltimore and Anne Arundel County, MD during 2016-2018. Dynamic characteristics were identified using socially-sensed data (i.e.

Choice between delayed food and immediate oxycodone in rats.

Rationale: The choice to seek immediate drug effects instead of more meaningful but delayed rewards is a defining feature of addiction.

Objectives: To develop a rodent model of this behavior, we allowed rats to choose between immediate intravenous delivery of the prescription opioid oxycodone (50 μg/kg) and delayed delivery of palatable food pellets.

Results: Rats preferred food at delays up to 30 s, but they chose oxycodone and food equally at 60-s delay and preferred oxycodone over food at 120-s delay.