Examining the relative impact of adverse and positive childhood experiences on adolescent mental health: A strengths-based perspective.

Background: It is well-documented that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have a negative impact on mental health outcomes across the lifespan, while Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs) act as a protective factor. Less is known about the relative impact of ACEs and PCEs on mental health outcome for adolescents.

Objective: The present study sought to identify the relative impact of ACEs and PCEs on mental health outcomes for youth.

Intergenerational Continuity of Childhood Adversity and Its Underlying Mechanisms Among Teen Mothers and Their Offspring.

The present study investigates how parenting stress mediates the intergenerational continuity of childhood adversity in teenage mothers. Childhood adversity experiences of caregivers significantly affect their offspring's exposure to childhood adversity. However, little is known about the mechanisms linking childhood adversity across generations.

Maternal childhood adversity and adolescent marijuana use at age 17 years: The role of parental mental health and parenting behaviors.

Introduction: Children's risk for marijuana use may be linked to their parents' history of childhood adversity, yet little is known about the mechanisms underlying this link. This study examined whether maternal parenting behavior and mental health serve as mechanisms linking maternal childhood adversity to their children's marijuana use at age 17 years, by gender.

Methods: Data were from the Young Women and Child Development Study (59% male), a longitudinal panel study, which began in 1988 and followed mother-child dyads for 17 years (n = 240).

Early and recent military and nonmilitary stressors associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms among military service members and their spouses.

Disparities in posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) have been observed among military service members (SMs) and spouses (SPs) compared to their civilian peers, but exposure to military stressors does not adequately explain observed differences. Using a stress process framework, this study considered the associations between early and recent military and nonmilitary stressors and PTSS among SMs and SPs. We analyzed data from 3,314 SM-SP dyads in the Millennium Cohort and Millennium Cohort Family Studies.

Adults with a child maltreatment history: Narratives describing individual strengths that promote positive wellbeing.

Background: Child maltreatment often has negative impacts, but some individuals have strengths that lead to better outcomes.

Objective: Describe the narratives of adults who experienced childhood maltreatment, all of whom had positive psychosocial wellbeing at average age 18 years.

Participants And Setting: A purposive sample of 21 adults (mean age 27.

Race and COVID-19 among Social Workers in Health Settings: Physical, Mental Health, Personal Protective Equipment, and Financial Stressors.

Social work is an essential workforce integral to the United States' public health infrastructure and response to COVID-19. To understand stressors among frontline social workers during COVID-19, a cross-sectional study of U.S-based social workers (N = 1,407) in health settings was collected (in June through August 2020).

La Linterna: Clinical model for trauma-exposed, migrant children.

Objective: Exposure to childhood adversity is increasingly recognized as an important topic in pediatric medicine and a powerful driver of adult disease burden. While significant evidence exists that early intervention is critical for children exposed to adversities, few models have been established for addressing the complex medical, psychological, and social needs of these patients in a holistic manner.

Method: La Linterna is an interdisciplinary clinical initiative providing trauma-informed primary care, mental health treatment, immigration legal counsel, and comprehensive case management to children (and their families) exposed to adversities throughout the migration process.

The Experiences of Caretaking and Financial Stress among Social Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Social workers have engaged in promotive, preventive, and intervention work throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that social workers are disproportionately women, and the essential nature of practice during the pandemic, how social workers experience caretaking and financial stressors warrants examination. Data are drawn from a larger cross-sectional survey of U.

Comparing the prevalence of sexual behaviors and victimization among adolescents based on child welfare system involvement.

Objective: Sexual behavior presents risks, particularly among vulnerable groups such as adolescents with child welfare system involvement. This study compares the prevalence of sexual behaviors and victimization among adolescents in Los Angeles County with and without child welfare system involvement. It examines associations between online and offline sexual behaviors and victimization.

"We are on the frontlines too": A qualitative content analysis of US social workers' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Social work has been a part of the essential workforce historically and throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, yet lack recognition. This work explores the experiences and invisibility of social workers within the pandemic response. Data are drawn from a large cross-sectional survey of US-based social worker from June to August of 2020.

Maternal and adolescent depressive symptoms and family conflict: An autoregressive cross-lagged examination of competing models in multi-stressed mothers and adolescents.

Maternal and adolescent depression are challenges that often co-occur. Many studies have drawn bivariate associations between maternal depressive symptoms, adolescent depressive symptoms, and family conflict, but few have examined reciprocal effects. Even among extant studies, there is a lack of clarity related to directionality of influence.

Pre- and Perinatal Risk Factors for Child Maltreatment in Military Families Across the First Two Years of Life.

Military families are exposed to a unique constellation of risk factors, which may impact maltreatment outcomes. The present study examined prospective relationships between demographic, health, birth-related, and military-specific risk factors identified prior to a child's birth on their risk for maltreatment in the first two years of life. Data from the Millennium Cohort Study, Department of Defense (DoD) operational records and Family Advocacy Program data on met-criteria maltreatment, and Birth and Infant Health Research program data on suspected maltreatment were linked for 9076 service member parents.

AIM for Teen Moms: Social Support's Role in Contraception Use Among Young Mothers.

Purpose: Rapid repeat pregnancy is associated with negative outcomes for teen mothers and their offspring. Contraceptive use can reduce this risk. We explored the impact of AIM for Teen Moms, a future-oriented behavioral intervention, on emotional and tangible support and the influence of this support on the attitudes, intentions, and past 3-month contraceptive use behaviors.

Developmental inflection point for the effect of maternal childhood adversity on children's mental health from childhood to adolescence: Time-varying effect of gender differences.

Childhood adversities have a well-established dose-response relationship with later mental health. However, less attention has been given to intergenerational influences. Further, it is unknown how intergenerational influences intersect with children's developmental stages and gender.

Bearing a Disproportionate Burden: Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Experiences of U.S.-Based Social Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

While social workers have served as frontline workers responding to the needs of vulnerable populations during COVID-19 pandemic, little is known about how social work professionals themselves have been impacted. This article explored the impact of COVID-19 on social work professionals' mental health, physical health, and access to personal protective equipment (PPE). This was a cross-sectional web-based survey of social workers practicing in the United States (N = 3,118); data on demographic and workplace characteristics, physical and mental health, and safety concerns were collected between June and August of 2020.

Acculturation discrepancy and mental health associations among Hispanic childhood cancer survivors and their parents.

Objective: Acculturation discrepancy occurs when the rate of host culture acquisition and/or heritage culture retention between non-native parents and their children diverges. The resulting conflict may exacerbate mental health conditions in already vulnerable populations. The present study examined discrepancies between Hispanic and Anglo-American acculturation, as two separate constructs, and mental health symptomology in Hispanic childhood cancer survivors (HCCS) and their parents.

Strategies for implementation of virtual home visitation in the United States.

Utilising telepractice videoconferencing technology to offer home visitation services has the potential to provide access and parenting support through a high-tech and high-touch service delivery option. Families can receive evidence-based, family support intervention from their home via videoconferencing technology, removing the need for the provider to be physically in the home. While the expansion of telehealth and telepractice services for families is essential for meeting the needs of both parents and their children, well-documented engagement barriers to digital health/computer-mediated interventions exist across treatment modalities and technology platforms.

Using the Theory of Reasoned Action to examine grandparent and maternal substance use on the cannabis use of children of teen mothers.

Background: Parental cannabis use is associated with increased risks of cannabis use among offspring, yet few studies have explored the mechanisms influencing intergenerational continuity in cannabis use. To understand the mechanism by which intergenerational cannabis use is influenced, this work explores cannabis use across three generations using a family expansion of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA).

Methods: Data come from the Young Women and Child Development Study which began when teen mothers were pregnant and followed mother-child dyads for 17 years (N = 240).

Adverse childhood experiences and the substance use behaviors of Latinx youth.

Purpose: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with substance use, how cultural factors influence this association for Latinx youth is unknown. This study uses longitudinal data to examine associations of cultural factors, ACEs and substance use among Latinx young adults.

Methods: Latinx youth (N = 1179) completed surveys from a longitudinal study at seven assessment points from 2005 to 2016; ACEs was assessed when participants were on average 21.

Behavioral Health Services use Among Racial and Ethnic Groups: Results from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS).

Access and utilization of behavioral health services is a public health issue, yet disparities among racial/ethnic groups persist, resulting in fewer access points and lower utilization. Using pooled 2015 and 2016 California Health Interview Survey (N = 42,089) data of diverse adults, this study examines provider access points for behavioral health services use. Latinx (OR = 0.

"Trying My Best": Sexual Minority Adolescents' Self-Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in major life disruptions for sexual minority adolescents (SMAs), who already face and cope with pervasive and disproportionate rates of social, behavioral, and mental health challenges. Current research suggests that SMAs are struggling with COVID-19-related shelter in place orders navigating family proximity and dynamics and experiencing isolation from SMA-specific supports. Given identified challenges that may exacerbate known mental health disparities in SMAs, this work explores self-care practices among SMAs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Effect of a church-based intervention on abstinence communication among African-American caregiver-child dyads: the role of gender of caregiver and child.

Parent-child sexual-health communication is critical. Religious involvement is important in many African-American families, but can be a barrier to sexual-health communication. We tested a theory-based, culturally tailored intervention to increase sexual-abstinence communication among church-attending African-American parent-child dyads.

Adverse Childhood Experiences Among 3 Generations of Latinx Youth.

Introduction: The U.S. immigrant paradox shows worsening health across generations, with U.

Child maltreatment and romantic relationships in adolescence and young adulthood: The mediating role of self-perception.

Background: Child maltreatment (CM) can disrupt the development of self, influencing the ability to form positive relationships, including romantic attachment. While mental health is a known mediator of maltreatment history and romantic relationships, less is known about the role of self-perception.

Objective: The goal of this work is to understand the role self-perception plays in the association between CM history and romantic relationships during adolescence and young adulthood.