Socio-demographic differences in the dietary inflammatory index from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018: a comparison of multiple imputation versus complete case analysis.

Objective: Studies using the dietary inflammatory index often perform complete case analyses (CCA) to handle missing data, which may reduce the sample size and increase the risk of bias. Furthermore, population-level socio-economic differences in the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) have not been recently studied. Therefore, we aimed to describe socio-demographic differences in E-DII scores among American adults and compare the results using two statistical approaches for handling missing data, i.

Real-world safety and effectiveness of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor in people with cystic fibrosis: Interim results of a long-term registry-based study.

Background: Phase 3 clinical trials showed elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA) was safe and efficacious in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) with ≥1 F508del-CFTR allele. To assess long-term effects of ELX/TEZ/IVA under real-world conditions of use, a 5-year observational registry-based study is being conducted. We report interim results from the first 2 years of follow-up.

Prepregnancy and Gestational Diabetes and Cessation of Breastfeeding <1 Week Postpartum, United States, 2016-2018.

Objectives: Diabetes may delay milk letdown, and perceiving milk production as insufficient can lead to breastfeeding cessation. We evaluated whether prepregnancy or gestational diabetes is associated with cessation of breastfeeding by 1 week postpartum.

Methods: We analyzed 2016-2018 data from 42 sites in the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, a population-based survey of women with a recent live birth.

Mothers' Perspectives on a Mother/Infant Dyad Postpartum Primary Care Program Following Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Pilot Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to characterize mothers' experiences within a mother/infant dyad postpartum primary care program (Dyad) following gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to inform improvements in the delivery of care.

Methods: A qualitative pilot study of women (n = 10) enrolled in a mother/infant Dyad program was conducted in a primary care practice at a large, urban academic medical center. Respondents were asked a series of open-ended questions about their experience with GDM, the Dyad program, and health behaviors.

Neural activation during emotional interference corresponds to emotion dysregulation in stressed teachers.

Teacher stress and burnout has been associated with low job satisfaction, reduced emotional wellbeing, and poor student learning outcomes. Prolonged stress is associated with emotion dysregulation and has thus become a focus of stress interventions. This study examines emotional interference effects in a group of teachers suffering from high stress and to explore how individual differences in cognitive control, emotion dysregulation, and emotion recognition related to patterns of neural activation.

Teacher stress and burnout in Australia: examining the role of intrapersonal and environmental factors.

Concerns regarding high rates of teacher stress and burnout are present globally. Yet there is limited current data regarding the severity of stress, or the role of intrapersonal and environmental factors in relation to teacher stress and burnout within the Australian context. The present study, conducted over an 18-month period, prior to the COVID pandemic, surveyed 749 Australian teachers to explore their experience of work-related stress and burnout; differences in stress and burnout across different demographic groups within the profession; as well as the contributing role of intrapersonal and environmental factors, particularly, emotion regulation, subjective well-being, and workload.

Acute and Chronic Effects of Clothianidin, Thiamethoxam and Methomyl on Chironomus dilutus.

Organism tolerance thresholds for emerging contaminants are vital to the development of water quality criteria. Acute (96-h) and chronic (10-day) effects thresholds for neonicotinoid pesticides clothianidin and thiamethoxam, and the carbamate pesticide methomyl were developed for the midge Chironomus dilutus to support criteria development using the UC Davis Method. Median lethal concentrations (LC50s) were calculated for acute and chronic exposures, and the 25% inhibition concentrations (IC25) were calculated for the chronic exposures based on confirmed chemical concentrations.

The Downstream Effects of Teacher Well-Being Programs: Improvements in Teachers' Stress, Cognition and Well-Being Benefit Their Students.

Quality interventions addressing the important issue of teacher stress and burnout have shown promising outcomes for participating teachers in terms of decreased distress, improved well-being and increased commitment to their jobs. Less is known however about whether such interventions also benefit students. The present study investigated the downstream effects for a completer sample of 226 primary and high school students after their teachers ( = 17) completed one of two 8-week stress reduction interventions.

Ten-year cardiovascular risk among cancer survivors: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Background: Cancer survivors have a higher risk of developing and dying from cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population. We sought to determine whether 10-year risk of atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) is elevated among those with vs. without a cancer history in a nationally representative U.

Cellphone laws and teens' calling while driving: analysis of repeated cross-sectional surveys in 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019.

Background: Distracted driving among teens is a public health and safety concern. Most states in the U.S.

Perceived Barriers to Type 2 Diabetes Prevention for Low-Income Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes: A Qualitative Secondary Data Analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine perceived barriers to adoption of lifestyle changes for type 2 diabetes prevention among a diverse group of low-income women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: A secondary data analysis of 10 semistructured focus group discussions was conducted. Participants were low-income African American, Hispanic, and Appalachian women ages 18 to 45 years who were diagnosed with GDM in the past 10 years.

Association Between Sleep Duration and Ideal Cardiovascular Health Among US Adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2016.

Introduction: Short or long sleep duration is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but the association between sleep duration and cardiovascular health is unclear. Our objective was to quantify the association between sleep duration and ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) in US adults. We hypothesized that very short (<6 h) and very long (≥9 h) sleep duration were associated with poorer CVH compared with sleep lasting 7 to <8 hours.

Physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease by weight status among U.S adults.

Purpose: We sought to determine whether the association between physical activity and 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk varies among normal weight, overweight, and obese adults in a nationally-representative sample of the United States.

Methods: Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2016. A subset of 22,476 participants aged 30-64 years was included with no CVD history.

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Diabetes Screening and Hyperglycemia Among US Women After Gestational Diabetes.

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication of pregnancy and is associated with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Racial/ethnic minority populations are at a higher risk than non-Hispanic white populations of developing type 2 diabetes after GDM. The aim of this study was to describe racial/ethnic differences in hyperglycemia and receipt of screening services in a nationally representative sample of women with a history of GDM.

Cardiovascular Health Trends in Electronic Health Record Data (2012-2015): A Cross-Sectional Analysis of The Guideline Advantage™.

Background: Electronic health record (EHR) data can measure cardiovascular health (CVH) of patient populations, but have limited generalizability when derived from one health care system.

Objective: We used The Guideline Advantage™ (TGA) data repository, comprising EHR data of patients from 8 diverse health care systems, to describe CVH of adult patients and progress towards the American Heart Association's (AHA's) 2020 Impact Goals.

Methods: Our analysis included 203,488 patients with 677,733 encounters recorded in TGA from 2012 to 2015.

The Impact of Advance Care Planning on End-of-Life Care: Do the Type and Timing Make a Difference for Patients With Advanced Cancer Referred to Hospice?

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the impact of advanced care planning (ACP) on potentially avoidable hospital admissions at the end of life (EOL) among a sample of hospice-referred patients with cancer, in order to present actionable considerations for the practicing clinician.

Methods: This study was designed as a retrospective cohort using electronic health record data that assessed likelihood of hospital admissions in the last 30 days of life for 1185 patients with a primary diagnosis of cancer, referred to hospice between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2015, at a large academic medical center. Inverse probability treatment weighting based on calculated propensity scores balanced measured covariates between those with and without ACP at baseline.

Differences in Cardiovascular Health Metrics in Emergency Medical Technicians Compared to Paramedics: A Cross-Sectional Study of Emergency Medical Services Professionals.

Background: Emergency Medical Services (EMS) professionals face high physical demands in high-stress settings; however, the prevalence of cardiovascular health (CVH) risk factors in this health care workforce has not been explored. The primary objective of this study was to compare the distribution of CVH and its individual components between a sample of emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics. The secondary objective was to identify associations between demographic and employment characteristics with ideal CVH in EMS professionals.

Associations of anthropometric measures of obesity with physical limitations in older adults.

Physical limitations are associated loss of independence, lower quality of life, greater healthcare costs, and mortality. Changes in body composition during the aging process contribute to the decline in physical functioning. Body mass index is commonly used to quantify adiposity; however, measurements that better capture abdominal obesity may confer better advantage for risk of physical limitations.

Survival After MI in a Community Cohort Study: Contribution of Comorbidities in NSTEMI.

Background: Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) comprises the majority of MI worldwide, yet mortality remains high. Management of NSTEMI is relatively delayed and heterogeneous compared with the "time is muscle" approach to ST-segment elevation MI, though it is unknown to what extent comorbid conditions drive NSTEMI mortality.

Objectives: We sought to quantify mortality due to MI versus comorbid conditions in patients with NSTEMI.

The Association of Percent Body Fat and Lean Mass With HbA in US Adults.

Context: Body fat and body composition distribution patterns affect diabetes risk and glycemic control, but most studies use proxy measures ( body mass index).

Objective: This study examined the association of percent body fat and lean mass with glycated hemoglobin (HbA) in US adults.

Design: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a program of cross-sectional studies that enroll nationally representative samples of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population.

Addressing Bias in Electronic Health Record-Based Surveillance of Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Finding the Signal Through the Noise.

Purpose Of Review: Use of the electronic health record (EHR) for CVD surveillance is increasingly common. However, these data can introduce systematic error that influences the internal and external validity of study findings. We reviewed recent literature on EHR-based studies of CVD risk to summarize the most common types of bias that arise.

Risk of cardiovascular disease among women with endometrial cancer compared to cancer-free women in the Women's Health Initiative.

Background: The majority of women diagnosed with endometrial cancer (EC) have low cancer-specific mortality; however, a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors places EC patients at high risk of developing CVD. In the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), we assessed the hypothesis that CVD risk was higher among women who developed EC compared with women who did not develop EC.

Methods: We compared the incidence of fatal and non-fatal CVD events among 1,179 women who developed Type I EC, 211 women who developed Type II EC, and 92,217 women who did not develop EC.

Obesity, Treatment Times, and Cardiovascular Outcomes After ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Findings From Mission: Lifeline North Texas.

Background: With increasing rates of obesity and its link with cardiovascular disease, there is a need for better understanding of the obesity-outcome relationship. This study explores the association between categories of obesity with treatment times and mortality for patients experiencing ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Methods And Results: We examined 8725 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention and used regression models to analyze the relationship between 6 categories of body mass index with key door-to-balloon time, total ischemic time, and in-hospital mortality.