Direct Support Professionals and COVID-19 Vaccination: A Comparison of Vaccinated Early Adopters and In-Betweeners.

Direct support professionals (DSPs) are at increased risk of contracting COVID-19. A four-wave survey series was conducted, in part, to understand DSPs' COVID-19 vaccination experiences. Fourth wave data were used to compare those vaccinated against COVID-19 when they became eligible (early adopters) and those waiting at least three months before vaccination (in-betweeners).

Examining Choice and Control for People With IDD Over Time.

Choice making is an important aspect of everyone's life in terms of fully becoming an adult within a democratic society. People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are at risk for diminished choice making due to various factors, including guardianships; dependence on supports that are not person-centered; and, in some cases, limited capacity to express one's desires effectively. Independent Monitoring for Quality (IM4Q) data for 9,195 and 9,817 for adult services users with IDD were analyzed across two types of choice.

The Direct Support Workforce: An Examination of Direct Support Professionals and Frontline Supervisors During COVID-19.

Direct support professionals (DSPs) and frontline supervisors (FLSs) have critical roles in home and community-based services for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Low wages and high levels of responsibility created a long-term crisis in recruitment and retention and are exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. A national sample of DSPs and FLSs were compared on demographics and work-related circumstances using data from the third Direct Support Workforce COVID-19 Survey.

Using the Independent Monitoring for Quality Program to Examine Longitudinal Outcomes for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

The purpose of this study is to lay a foundation for illustrating the importance of longitudinal data collection by sharing the results of the Independent Monitoring for Quality (IM4Q) program in Pennsylvania designed to collect data over time on the quality of services for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. In this article, we report on the history and characteristics of the IM4Q program, describe the key variables of interest, and highlight the trends in the key variables over 3 years of data collection (2013, 2016, and 2019). The descriptive results indicate mixed trends for the three areas of focus: comparable rates of people employed in community-based settings, less support-related choice, and better everyday choice-making outcomes.

Current services and outcomes of formerly institutionalised and never-institutionalised US adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A propensity score matching analysis.

Background: Deinstitutionalization research shows better services and outcomes relative to institutional life but has not compared formerly institutionalised and never-institutionalised service users.

Methods: We used propensity score matching (PSM) to match formerly institutionalised and never-institutionalised participants on six personal characteristics. Data came from the 2018 to 2019 National Core Indicators In-Person Survey.

Direct Support Professionals and COVID-19 Vaccination: A Comparison of Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Direct Support Professionals.

Direct support professionals (DSPs) may be at increased risk of contracting COVID-19 due to the proximal nature of their work. In response to the pandemic a three-wave study was launched to understand experiences of DSPs. An on-line national survey found that 70% of DSPs were vaccinated.

Community participation and staying home if you want: US adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Background: Requiring adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities to go on community outings with co-residents and staff is contrary to community-living policy's focus on person centredness and choice of activities/companions.

Method: We analysed 2018-19 National Core Indicators data from 36 US states concerning 7968 adults living in staffed, non-family, multi-client settings. The focus outcome was being able to stay home if you want when others in your home go out.

Direct Support Professional and Frontline Supervisor Perspectives on Work-Life in a Pandemic.

Direct support professionals (DSPs) and frontline supervisors (FLSs) play an invaluable role in delivering home and community-based services to people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). DSPs provide support with employment, community living, developing social connections, health and well-being, and many other areas. FLSs' primary responsibility is to provide direction and guidance to DSPs in their work; however, they also frequently provide direct support to people with IDD.

Impact of adulthood stage and social-environmental context on body mass index and physical activity of individuals with intellectual disability.

Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are at risk for obesity and physical inactivity. We analyzed a subset of 2009-2010 National Core Indicators (NCI) database to examine (1) the impact of three adulthood stages- younger (20-39 years), middle (40-59 years), and older (60 years and older) on Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity (PA); and (2) the relationship between social-environmental context (i.e.

Race/ethnicity and the use of preventive health care among adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Background: Past research has been dedicated to documenting disparities in use of preventive health care faced by racial and ethnic minorities. In addition, studies have looked at the disparities in use of preventive health care experienced by individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (ID/DD). There is little known research that examines disparities in preventive health care use by individuals with ID/DD who identify as African American or Hispanic.

Correlates of everyday choice and support-related choice for 8,892 randomly sampled adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities in 19 states.

This article examines everyday choices made by 8,892 adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and support-related choices made by 6,179 adults with IDD receiving services from 19 state developmental disabilities program agencies that participated in the 2008-2009 National Core Indicators Project. Controlling for physical and sensory impairment, age, behavioral support, communication, and state, people in residential settings with 16 or more people had less everyday choice than those in other living arrangements. People with mild and moderate IDD had more control over everyday choices when living in their own homes, whereas people with severe and profound IDD had more control when living in agency homes of 3 or fewer residents.

Place of residence and preventive health care for intellectual and developmental disabilities services recipients in 20 states.

Objective: We identified trends in the receipt of preventive health care by adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities by type of residential setting.

Methods: We used data from the 2008-2009 collection round of the National Core Indicators (NCI) program. Participating states drew random samples of adults receiving developmental disabilities services.

Demographic characteristics, health conditions, and residential service use in adults with Down syndrome in 25 U.S. states.

This study describes service users with Down syndrome (N = 1,199) and a comparative sample with intellectual and developmental disabilities but not Down syndrome (N = 11,182), drawn from National Core Indicator surveys of adult service users in 25 U.S. states.

Overweight and obesity among adults with intellectual disabilities who use intellectual disability/developmental disability services in 20 U.S. States.

The authors compare the prevalence of obesity for National Core Indicators (NCI) survey participants with intellectual disability and the general U.S. adult population.

Place of residence affects routine dental care in the intellectually and developmentally disabled adult population on Medicaid.

Objective: To compare the likelihood of intellectually and developmentally disabled (ID/DD) adults receiving a dental cleaning across places of residence.

Data Sources: Medicaid and Minnesota's Medicaid Management Information System (MMIS) databases.

Study Design: All adults with DD assessments in MMIS in 2001-2002.

Nursing effort and quality of care for nursing home residents.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between nursing home staffing level, care received by individual residents, and resident quality-related care processes and functional outcomes.

Design And Methods: Nurses recorded resident care time for 5,314 residents on 156 units in 105 facilities in four states (Colorado, Indiana, Minnesota, and Mississippi). We linked residents' care times to their measures of health and functioning from Minimum Data Set assessments.

Who recommends long-term care matters.

Purpose: Making good consumer decisions requires having good information. This study compared long-term-care recommendations among various types of health professionals.

Design And Methods: We gave randomly varied scenarios to a convenience national sample of 211 professionals from varying disciplines and work locations.

Nursing home staffing standards: their relationship to nurse staffing levels.

Purpose: This study reviews staffing standards from the 50 states and the District of Columbia to determine if these standards are related to nursing home staffing levels.

Design And Methods: Rules and regulations for states' nursing home staffing standards were obtained for the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Nurse staffing data were obtained from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services On-Line Survey, Certification, and Reporting (known as OSCAR) database.

Estimating the patient care costs of teaching in a teaching hospital.

Purpose: Because leaders at medical schools and teaching hospitals need current data to estimate the clinical costs of graduate medical education, the authors developed a new methodology to estimate the hospital costs associated with the presence of teaching physicians for the year 2002.

Method: A hospital accounting system was used to determine the case mix-adjusted direct variable costs for 41,522 inpatient admissions associated with or without a teaching physician.

Results: Prior to adjustment, teaching cases had greater median costs than non-teaching cases.