Association between cholecystectomy and intestinal cancer: a national record linkage study.

Objective: To investigate the risk of intestinal cancer in a cohort of people who had undergone cholecystectomy for gallstones, and in a cohort of people who had been hospitalized for gallbladder disease but had not undergone cholecystectomy.

Background: Some investigators have suggested that cholecystectomy increases the risk of intestinal cancer. Despite extensive study, the evidence remains inconclusive.

Head and other physical trauma requiring hospitalisation is not a significant risk factor in the development of ALS.

The pathogenesis of ALS is not fully understood but, as an overwhelmingly sporadic disorder, it is likely to result from a complex mixture of polygenic and environmental risk factors operating in the context of an ageing nervous system. Physical trauma, in particular head injury, has been variably associated with both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, and largely discounted in relation to multiple sclerosis. Several case-control studies in ALS have reported an association with physical trauma or head injury, but such studies are greatly limited by recall bias.

Self-harm and depression in women with urinary incontinence: a record-linkage study.

Objective: To investigate the association between self-harm and urinary incontinence (UI), and between depression and UI, in women.

Patients And Methods: The incidence of self-harm in women with UI is not well documented. We analysed a statistical database that includes hospital contact data for UI and for self-harm and depression.