Risk of Fracture After Bilateral Oophorectomy.

Fragility fractures, resulting from low-energy trauma, occur in approximately 1 in 10 Danish women aged 50 years or older. Bilateral oophorectomy (surgical removal of both ovaries) may increase the risk of fragility fractures due to loss of ovarian sex steroids, particularly estrogen. We investigated the association between bilateral oophorectomy and risk of fragility fracture and whether this was conditional on age at time of bilateral oophorectomy, hormone therapy (HT) use, hysterectomy, physical activity level, body mass index (BMI), or smoking.

Pituitary-testis axis dysfunction following adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy.

Men with high-risk, non-metastatic prostate cancer receive adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for at least 2 years according to Danish guidelines. It remains unclarified if patients regain the function of the pituitary-testis axis after cessation of ADT. Thus, we aimed to investigate the function of the pituitary-testis axis following adjuvant ADT.

Sex-specific regulation of IL-10 production in human adipose tissue in obesity.

Background: Obesity-associated metabolic complications display sexual dimorphism and can be impacted by cytokines. We previously showed that interleukin-10 (IL-10) was upregulated in white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese women with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Whether this pertains to men is unknown.

The long-term association between bilateral oophorectomy and depression: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: Depression is a leading cause of disability globally and affects more women than men. Ovarian sex steroids are thought to modify depression risk in women and interventions such as bilateral oophorectomy that permanently change the sex steroid milieu may increase the risk of depression. This study aimed to investigate the associations between unilateral and bilateral oophorectomy and depression over a 25-year period (1993-2018) and whether this varied by age at oophorectomy or use of menopausal hormone therapy.

Oophorectomy and rate of dementia: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: Globally, dementia disproportionally affects women, which is not fully explained by higher female longevity. Oophorectomy at any age leads to the permanent loss of ovarian sex steroids, potentially increasing the risk of dementia. We aimed to investigate the association between oophorectomy and dementia and whether this was conditional on age at oophorectomy, hysterectomy or use of hormone therapy (HT).

Long-term testosterone undecanoate treatment in the elderly testosterone deficient male: An observational cohort study.

Background: Quarterly intramuscular injections with long-acting testosterone undecanoate (TU) provide stable serum testosterone concentrations over time and are therefore preferred by many testosterone-deficient patients. However, the use of long-acting TU in elderly patients is limited due to lack of safety and feasibility studies.

Objective: To investigate long-acting TU pharmacokinetics and assess differences in treatment regimens and risk of adverse outcomes in younger versus elderly testosterone-deficient patients.

Cardiovascular mortality after bilateral oophorectomy: a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: Bilateral oophorectomy permanently reduces endogenous estrogen exposure and may increase cardiovascular mortality in women. This study aimed to investigate the association between bilateral oophorectomy and cardiovascular mortality and whether this association was conditional on hysterectomy or on the use of hormone therapy at the time of study entry.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of 25,338 female nurses aged ≥ 45 years within the Danish Nurse Cohort.

Effects of a Lifestyle Intervention on Bone Turnover in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the U-TURN Trial.

Introduction/purpose: The increased risk of fractures with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is suggested to be caused by decreased bone turnover. Current international guidelines recommend lifestyle modifications, including exercise, as first-line treatment for T2D. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an exercise-based lifestyle intervention on bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) in persons with T2D.

Changes in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue phenotype following menopause is associated with increased visceral fat mass.

Menopause is associated with a redistribution of adipose tissue towards central adiposity, known to cause insulin resistance. In this cross-sectional study of 33 women between 45 and 60 years, we assessed adipose tissue inflammation and morphology in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) across menopause and related this to menopausal differences in adipose tissue distribution and insulin resistance. We collected paired SAT and VAT biopsies from all women and combined this with anthropometric measurements and estimated whole-body insulin sensitivity.

No evidence of a synergistic effect of HIV infection and diabetes mellitus type 2 on fat distribution, plasma adiponectin or inflammatory markers.

Background: Altered fat distribution and chronic inflammation are found in both persons living with HIV (PLWH) and persons with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and are known risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We aimed to investigate if a synergistic effect of HIV infection and DM2 was found on fat distribution and inflammation.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed including PLWH with HIV RNA < 200 copies/mL (18 with DM2 (HIV + DM2+), 18 without DM2 (HIV + DM2-)) and controls (19 with DM2 (controls with DM2) and 25 without DM2 (healthy controls).

The interaction between metformin and physical activity on postprandial glucose and glucose kinetics: a randomised, clinical trial.

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this parallel-group, double-blinded (study personnel and participants), randomised clinical trial was to assess the interaction between metformin and exercise training on postprandial glucose in glucose-intolerant individuals.

Methods: Glucose-intolerant (2 h OGTT glucose of 7.8-11.

Preserved postprandial suppression of bone turnover markers, despite increased fasting levels, in postmenopausal women.

Context: Menopause leads to an increased bone turnover associated with a high risk of fractures. Bone turnover is inhibited by meal intake, to some extent mediated by gut hormones, and interventions based on these endocrine changes may have potential in future prevention of osteoporosis.

Objective: To investigate whether postmenopausal women exhibit postprandial suppression of bone turnover markers to the same extent as premenopausal women, despite higher fasting levels.

Increased systemic inflammation and altered distribution of T-cell subsets in postmenopausal women.

Aim: To investigate markers of systemic inflammation in pre- and postmenopausal women and identify possible predictors of systemic inflammation with menopause.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of 69 healthy women between 45- and 60 years. Blood samples were collected to assess leukocyte subsets and plasma cytokines.

Use of antidepressants in women after prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy: A Danish national cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the association between prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy and use of antidepressants in women with a family history of cancer.

Methods: Nationwide population-based cohort study using Danish National Registries including women oophorectomized due to a family history of cancer (n = 2,002) and an age matched reference group (n = 18,018). Analyses were stratified by age at time of bilateral oophorectomy and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

Mortality and Risk of Cancer After Prophylactic Bilateral Oophorectomy in Women With a Family History of Cancer.

Background: Current international guidelines recommend systemic hormone therapy (HT) to oophorectomized women until the age of natural menopause. Despite an inherited predisposition to estrogen-dependent malignancies, the guidelines also apply to women oophorectomized because of a family history of cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of HT on mortality and risk of cancer in women oophorectomized because of a family history of cancer.

Metabolic control and sex: A focus on inflammatory-linked mediators.

Men and women have many differing biological and physiological characteristics. Thus, it is no surprise that the control of metabolic processes and the mechanisms underlying metabolic-related diseases have sex-specific components. There is a clear metabolic sexual dimorphism in that up until midlife, men have a far greater likelihood of acquiring cardio-metabolic disease than women.

Ectopic Lipid Deposition Is Associated With Insulin Resistance in Postmenopausal Women.

Context: Menopause is associated with an increased incidence of insulin resistance and diabetes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the lipid deposition in liver and skeletal muscle and investigate the association with insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal and premenopausal women.

Design And Setting: Single-center cross-sectional study of 55 healthy women between 45 and 60 years of age.

Female sex hormones are necessary for the metabolic effects mediated by loss of Interleukin 18 signaling.

Objective: Interleukin (IL)-18 plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and levels of this cytokine are influenced by gender, age, and sex hormones. The role of gender on IL-18 signaling, however, is unclear. We hypothesized that the presence of female sex hormone could preserve the metabolic phenotype of the IL-18R animals.

In vitro palmitate treatment of myotubes from postmenopausal women leads to ceramide accumulation, inflammation and affected insulin signaling.

Menopause is associated with an increased incidence of insulin resistance and metabolic diseases. In a chronic palmitate treatment model, we investigated the role of skeletal muscle fatty acid exposure in relation to the metabolic deterioration observed with menopause. Human skeletal muscle satellite cells were isolated from premenopausal (n = 6) and postmenopausal (n = 5) women.