Role for myosin II in regulating positioning of Salmonella-containing vacuoles and intracellular replication.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium grows within host cells in a permissive compartment termed the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). These bacteria use two distinct type III secretion systems (T3SS) to deliver virulence proteins (effectors) into cells. Effectors secreted by the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1)-encoded T3SS mediate invasion and early SCV maturation steps, while those secreted by the SPI-2 T3SS affect the SCV at later stages postinfection.

Evidence that embryonic neurons regulate the onset of cortical gliogenesis via cardiotrophin-1.

Precursor cells of the embryonic cortex sequentially generate neurons and then glial cells, but the mechanisms regulating this neurogenic-to-gliogenic transition are unclear. Using cortical precursor cultures, which temporally mimic this in vivo differentiation pattern, we demonstrate that cortical neurons synthesize and secrete the neurotrophic cytokine cardiotrophin-1, which activates the gp130-JAK-STAT pathway and is essential for the timed genesis of astrocytes in vitro. Our data indicate that a similar phenomenon also occurs in vivo.

Aspergillus fumigatus conidia survive and germinate in acidic organelles of A549 epithelial cells.

Aspergillus fumigatus is an environmental mould that can cause invasive disease in the immunocompromised host. Previous work has shown that conidia can be internalized by lung epithelial cells (A549) and murine macrophages (J774) in vitro. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the fate of A.

Uptake of Aspergillus fumigatus Conidia by phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells in vitro: quantitation using strains expressing green fluorescent protein.

Several pathogenic fungal organisms enter eukaryotic cells and manipulate the host cell environment to favor their own growth and survival. Aspergillus fumigatus is a saprophytic fungus that causes invasive lung disease in the immunocompromised host. To determine whether A.

Differences in sialic acid density in pathogenic and non-pathogenic Aspergillus species.

ASPERGILLUS: fumigatus is a ubiquitous soil fungus that causes invasive lung disease in the immunocompromised host. The structure of the conidial wall has not been well characterized although it is thought that adhesins present on the surface are involved in attachment of the conidia to host lung cells and proteins, which is a prerequisite for the establishment of infection. Negatively charged carbohydrates on the conidial surface have been previously identified as the molecules responsible for attachment of conidia to extracellular matrix proteins.