Prevalence and Predictors of Food Insecurity among Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: Observational Findings from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

The majority of data on food insecurity in diabetes comes from samples of type 2 diabetes or youth with type 1 diabetes. This study screened for food insecurity among adults with type 1 diabetes in the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, which was the first year that respondents who endorsed diabetes were asked to indicate whether they had type 1 or type 2. One validated screening item asked, "During the past 12 months, how often did the food that you bought not last and you didn't have money to buy more?".

Secondary analysis of a randomized trial testing community health educator interventions for diabetes prevention among refugees with depression: effects on nutrition, physical activity and sleep.

Background: Refugees have high levels of psychological distress that hamper lifestyle change efforts. We previously reported that community health educator (CHE) diabetes prevention interventions decreased HbA1c and depressive symptoms among Cambodian-American refugees with depression; this paper reports health behavior outcomes of those interventions.

Methods: Participants were aged 35-75, Khmer speaking, at risk for diabetes, and met study criteria for likely depression by either a) antidepressant medication and/or b) prolonged elevated depressive symptoms.

Evaluating the Translational Potential of Bacteriocins as an Alternative Treatment for Infections in Animals and Humans.

Antibiotic resistance remains a global threat to human and animal health. is an opportunistic pathogen that causes minor to life-threatening infections. The widespread use of antibiotics in the clinical, veterinary, and agricultural setting combined with the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains makes it abundantly clear that alternatives to antibiotics are urgently needed.

Community-based diabetes prevention randomized controlled trial in refugees with depression: effects on metabolic outcomes and depression.

Depression and antidepressant medications increase risk for type 2 diabetes. Cambodian-Americans have exceedingly high rates of both depression and diabetes. This paper reports outcomes of a diabetes prevention trial for Cambodian-Americans with depression.

Psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire (HDFQ) in people with diabetes in Iran.

Background And Aims: Public health and clinic-based educational strategies are desperately needed to stem the tide of death from heart disease among people with diabetes in low and middle-income countries. This study translated the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire into Persian and evaluated its reliability and validity for use in Iran.

Methods: Using rigorous translation methods, the 25-item scale was administered to Persian speakers with diabetes.

Night Eating Among Latinos With Diabetes: Exploring Associations With Heart Rate Variability, Eating Patterns, and Sleep.

Objectives: We explored associations between night eating and health outcomes in Latinos with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Participants (n = 85) completed surveys, were measured for anthropometrics, provided blood samples, and wore Holter monitors for 24 hours to assess heart rate variability.

Results: Participant mean age was 60.

Risk factors for drug therapy problems among Cambodian Americans with complex needs: a cross-sectional, observational study.

Background: Pharmaceutical drug therapy problems (DTPs) are a major public health problem. We examined patient-level risk factors for DTPs among Cambodian Americans.

Methods: Community health workers (CHWs) verbally administered surveys and completed a detailed medication review form with participants.

Tobacco use patterns and clinical outcomes in the T1D exchange.

Aims: This study examined associations between tobacco use and diabetes outcomes using the T1D Exchange Registry.

Methods: Adult participants (N = 933) completed standardized questionnaires including self-reported outcomes: past year serious hypoglycemic and diabetic ketoacidosis episodes, diabetes self-care, diabetes distress, and self-monitoring of blood glucose. Chart-extracted outcomes included HbA1c, nephrology and neuropathy diagnoses, and BMI.

Changes in negative affect and changes in heart rate variability among low-income latinos with type 2 diabetes in a randomized, controlled stress management trial.

Background: Structural equation modeling examined the relationship between change in negative affect (NA) and change in heart rate variability (HRV) among 121 Latinos with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This study leveraged data from the Community Health Workers Assisting Latinos Manage Stress and Diabetes (CALMSD) study which compared diabetes education vs diabetes education plus stress management. Participants completed surveys of NA at baseline and again 8-10 weeks later.

Glucose management for rewards: A randomized trial to improve glucose monitoring and associated self-management behaviors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Background: This randomized, controlled trial evaluated a monetary-based reinforcement intervention for increasing self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) among youth with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes.

Methods: After a 2-week baseline, 60 participants were randomized to enhanced usual care (EUC) or Reinforcers. The Reinforcers group earned monetary rewards for SMBG and associated behaviors such as uploading glucose meters.

Inflammation and Stress Biomarkers Mediate the Association between Household Food Insecurity and Insulin Resistance among Latinos with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Household food insecurity (HFI) is a stressor that is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, little is known about HFI and the insulin resistance (IR) underlying T2D, and the mechanisms involved.

Objective: We examined the cross-sectional association between HFI and IR among low-income Latinos with T2D and tested whether inflammation and stress hormones mediated this association.

Diabetes-Specific Food Insecurity Is Associated with Impaired Heart Rate Variability Independent of Glycemic Control: Exploratory Findings among Latinos with Type 2 Diabetes.

Food insecurity (FI), diabetes prevalence, and poor diabetes outcomes all disproportionately affect Latinos in the United States. Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects autonomic tone, is associated with glycemic control, and predicts mortality in type 2 diabetes. It is unknown whether FI is related to HRV and, if so, whether glycemic control accounts for this association.

Medication Adherence and Operating Room Efficiency for a Surgical Subspecialty.

The implementation of a 5-step reminder process and pharmacist consultation/visit improved medication adherence and reduced operative delays.

Substance Use Disorders among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: a Dangerous but Understudied Combination.

Purpose Of Review: This paper reviews research on substance use and disorders (SUDs) among adults with diabetes. It describes epidemiological data on SUDs in persons with type 2 diabetes, overviews effects of substance use on diabetes outcomes, and discusses treatments for SUDs in patients with diabetes.

Recent Findings: Rates of current smoking range from 10 to 26% and alcohol use disorders are 0-5%.

A randomized, controlled trial of a stress management intervention for Latinos with type 2 diabetes delivered by community health workers: Outcomes for psychological wellbeing, glycemic control, and cortisol.

Aims: To test the efficacy of a community health worker (CHW) delivered stress management (SM) intervention on psychosocial, glycemic, and cortisol outcomes among U.S. Latinos with type 2 diabetes.

Testing for rewards: a pilot study to improve type 1 diabetes management in adolescents.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of monetary reinforcement to increase the frequency of self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG).

Research Design And Methods: Ten adolescents with poorly controlled diabetes enrolled in a 12-week program in which they earned monetary reinforcers based on SMBG frequency ($0.10 per test, with bonuses for ≥4 tests per day, and $251.

Stress, depression and medication nonadherence in diabetes: test of the exacerbating and buffering effects of family support.

Stressors and depressive symptoms have been associated with medication nonadherence among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We tested whether these associations were exacerbated by obstructive family behaviors or buffered by supportive family behaviors in a sample of 192 adults with T2DM and low socioeconomic status using unadjusted and adjusted regression models. We found support for the exacerbating hypothesis.

Stressors may compromise medication adherence among adults with diabetes and low socioeconomic status.

Studies examining the impact of stressors on diabetes self-care have focused on a single stressor or have been largely qualitative. Therefore, we assessed the stressors experienced by a high-risk population with type 2 diabetes, and tested whether having more stressors was associated with less adherence to multiple self-care behaviors. Participants were recruited from a Federally Qualified Health Center and 192 completed a stressors checklist.

Self-reported discrimination, diabetes distress, and continuous blood glucose in women with type 2 diabetes.

We investigated whether self-reported racial discrimination was associated with continuous glucose levels and variability in individuals with diabetes, and whether diabetes distress mediated these associations. Seventy-four Black and White women with type 2 diabetes completed the Experience of Discrimination scale, a measure of lifetime racial discrimination, and the Problem Areas in Diabetes, a measure of diabetes distress. Participants wore a continuous glucose monitor for 24 h after 8 h of fasting, a standard meal, and a 4-h run in period.

Racial discrimination and metabolic control in women with type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: We investigated whether self-reported racial discrimination was associated with insulin resistance (IR) and glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c) in women with type 2 diabetes in the United States, after controlling for covariates.

Methods: Seventy-seven Black and White women with type 2 diabetes completed the Experiences of Discrimination Scale, which assesses self-reported lifetime frequency of racially motivated discrimination. Participants provided fasting blood samples for assessment of glucose and insulin for determination of IR and A1c.

Racial and ethnic disparities in diabetes complications in the northeastern United States: the role of socioeconomic status.

The role of socioeconomic status (SES) in explaining racial/ ethnic disparities in diabetes remains unclear. We investigated disparities in self-reported diabetes complications and the role of macro (eg, income, education) and micro (eg, owning a home or having a checking account) SES indicators in explaining these differences. The sample included individuals with a diagnosis of diabetes (N=795) who were aged, on average, 55 years, and 55.

Self-reported racial discrimination and endothelial reactivity to acute stress in women.

This study investigated the effect of self-reported racial discrimination on endothelial responses to acute laboratory mental stress among post-menopausal women. One-hundred thirteen women (n = 94 self-identified as White and n = 19 self-identified as racial/ethnic minority), 43% with type 2 diabetes, reported lifetime experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination. Repeated assessments of flow-mediated dilation were performed at baseline, immediately after 5 min of mental arithmetic and at 20-min recovery.

Lifetime history of depression, type 2 diabetes, and endothelial reactivity to acute stress in postmenopausal women.

Background: Coronary heart disease is a major cause of mortality in women and persons with diabetes. Mental stress and major depressive disorder have both been associated with coronary heart disease. Endothelial functioning is a clinically meaningful manifestation of CHD that is detectable in its earliest stages.

Evaluation of online instruction to improve medical and dental students' communication and counseling skills.

Online, interactive video modules were created to demonstrate good skills in history taking, counseling, and communication. The authors evaluated the effect of the modules on students' data gathering, counseling, and communication skills with standardized patients (SPs). A student cohort without the online modules (n = 76 medical students and n = 43 dental students) was compared to a cohort of different students who were assigned the modules (n = 88 medical students and n = 39 dental students).