The "Key" or "Critical" Portions of an Operation: Understanding Attending Supervision and Resident Autonomy From a Legal Perspective.

Objective: To obtain a legal understanding of the "key" or "critical" portions of an operation, pertaining to attending supervision, resident autonomy, and patient safety.

Design: Snowball sampling, a subset of purposive sampling, was used to develop a population of 47 risk managers and legal counsel, who were given an online, qualitative questionnaire. Interpretive description was used to analyze qualitative data.

Defining Barriers and Facilitators to Advancement for Women in Academic Surgery.

Importance: Sex equity is elusive in academic surgery departments across the United States. Persistent inequities remain a considerable problem and inhibit professional advancement for female surgeons. Identifying the factors that promulgate sex discrepancies may provide a framework for institutional growth and personal progress for women.