The effect of enucleation on orbital growth in patients with retinoblastoma.

Purpose: To measure orbital volume using serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to determine the effect of enucleation on orbital growth over time.

Methods: The medical records of patients who underwent unilateral enucleation for retinoblastoma with a minimum of 2 MRIs were retrospectively reviewed. Orbital asymmetry was calculated using MRI measurements.

Using extended cognitive behavioral treatment and medication to treat dependent smokers.

Objectives: We evaluated smoking-cessation efficacy of an extended course of sustained-release bupropion (bupropion SR) and cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT).

Methods: Participants who smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day and who smoked within 30 minutes of arising (n = 406) completed a 12-week smoking-cessation treatment including group counseling, nicotine-replacement therapy, and bupropion SR. Participants were then randomly assigned to 1 of 5 conditions: (1) no further treatment, (2) active bupropion SR for 40 weeks, (3) placebo for 40 weeks, (4) active bupropion SR and 11 sessions of CBT for 40 weeks (A-CBT), or (5) placebo and 11 sessions of CBT for 40 weeks.

Extended treatment of older cigarette smokers.

Aims: Tobacco dependence treatments achieve abstinence rates of 25-30% at 1 year. Low rates may reflect failure to conceptualize tobacco dependence as a chronic disorder. The aims of the present study were to determine the efficacy of extended cognitive behavioral and pharmacological interventions in smokers > or = 50 years of age, and to determine if gender differences in efficacy existed.