IKKα-Mediated Noncanonical NF-κB Signaling Is Required To Support Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Latency .

Noncanonical NF-κB signaling is activated in B cells via the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily members CD40, lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR), and B-cell-activating factor receptor (BAFF-R). The noncanonical pathway is required at multiple stages of B cell maturation and differentiation, including the germinal center reaction. However, the role of this pathway in gammaherpesvirus latency is not well understood.

Inflammatory Monocytes Promote Granuloma-Mediated Control of Persistent Salmonella Infection.

Persistent infections generally involve a complex balance between protective immunity and immunopathology. We used a murine model to investigate the role of inflammatory monocytes in immunity and host defense against persistent salmonellosis. Mice exhibit increased susceptibility to persistent infection when inflammatory monocytes cannot be recruited into tissues or when they are depleted at specific stages of persistent infection.

A blend of broadly-reactive and pathogen-selected Vγ4 Vδ1 T cell receptors confer broad bacterial reactivity of resident memory γδ T cells.

Although murine γδ T cells are largely considered innate immune cells, they have recently been reported to form long-lived memory populations. Much remains unknown about the biology and specificity of memory γδ T cells. Here, we interrogated intestinal memory Vγ4 Vδ1 T cells generated after foodborne Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection to uncover an unanticipated complexity in the specificity of these cells.

Inflammatory monocytes provide a niche for Salmonella expansion in the lumen of the inflamed intestine.

Salmonella exploit host-derived nitrate for growth in the lumen of the inflamed intestine. The generation of host-derived nitrate is dependent on Nos2, which encodes inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), an enzyme that catalyzes nitric oxide (NO) production. However, the cellular sources of iNOS and, therefore, NO-derived nitrate used by Salmonella for growth in the lumen of the inflamed intestine remain unidentified.