Complementary and alternative medicine approaches to pain management.

This article argues for and illustrates incorporating complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) interventions into pain treatment plans. Two CAM treatments, cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) and self-hypnosis training, are offered in a multidisciplinary pain treatment program. Because these interventions focus on pain relief, they may be of particular interest to patients who have chronic pain who begin treatment with a primary interest in pain reduction.

Executive function and the frontal lobes: a meta-analytic review.

Currently, there is debate among scholars regarding how to operationalize and measure executive functions. These functions generally are referred to as "supervisory" cognitive processes because they involve higher level organization and execution of complex thoughts and behavior. Although conceptualizations vary regarding what mental processes actually constitute the "executive function" construct, there has been a historical linkage of these "higher-level" processes with the frontal lobes.

Research on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using the covert orienting paradigm of Posner.

Posner's covert orienting of attention paradigm has been used in many studies in the cognitive neuroscience literature to study attention. We found 9 studies in which it was used to study attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, but findings were not consistent. We present a tutorial about the paradigm's methodology and then review the studies.