Integrated surveillance for Oropouche Virus: Molecular evidence of potential urban vectors during an outbreak in the Brazilian Amazon.

The Oropouche Virus (OROV) has Culicoides paraensis as its main vector in the urban cycle. Diagnoses of acute febrile cases and entomological collections were performed between January and April 2024 in the urban setting of Porto Velho, a city located in the western Brazilian Amazon. A total of 904 human samples were evaluated using RT-qPCR, of which 328 were positive for OROV.

Entomological inferences highlight the risk of Leishmania transmission in the urban area of Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.

Entomological investigations were conducted for the first time in urban forest remnants of Porto Velho, state of Rondônia, Brazil, to explore the transmission dynamics of Leishmania. Sand fly collections were carried out at ten sites, encompassing both canopy and ground strata, from October to December 2021. A total of 1,671 sand flies were collected, representing 42 species within 12 genera.

Occurrence of arbovirus infections in two riverine populations in the municipality of Humaitá, Amazonas, Brazil.

Background: The riverine communities of the Amazon comprise different social groups that inhabit the rural areas on the banks of rivers and lakes. Residents usually travel by river to rural and urban areas and are then exposed to urbanized diseases such as those caused by arbovirus infection. In Brazil, emerging diseases such as dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and those caused by infection with Oropouche and Mayaro viruses necessitate epidemiological surveillance.

Epigenetic Mechanisms Histone Deacetylase-Dependent Regulate the Glioblastoma Angiogenic Matrisome and Disrupt Endothelial Cell Behavior In Vitro.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor and different efforts have been employed in the search for new drugs and therapeutic protocols for GBM. Epitranscriptomics has shed light on new druggable Epigenetic therapies specifically designed to modulate GBM biology and behavior such as Histone Deacetylase inhibitors (iHDAC). Although the effects of iHDAC on GBM have been largely explored, there is a lack of information on the underlaying mechanisms HDAC-dependent that modulate the repertoire of GBM secreted molecules focusing on the set of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) associated proteins, the Matrisome, that may impact the surrounding tumor microenvironment.

Nondestructive Methods of Pathogen Detection: Importance of Mosquito Integrity in Studies of Disease Transmission and Control.

Mosquitoes are vectors of many pathogens, including viruses, protozoans, and helminths, spreading these pathogens to humans as well as to wild and domestic animals. As the identification of species and the biological characterization of mosquito vectors are cornerstones for understanding patterns of disease transmission, and the design of control strategies, we conducted a literature review on the current use of noninvasive and nondestructive techniques for pathogen detection in mosquitoes, highlighting the importance of their taxonomic status and systematics, and some gaps in the knowledge of their vectorial capacity. Here, we summarized the alternative techniques for pathogen detection in mosquitoes based on both laboratory and field studies.

Influence of meteorological and seasonal parameters on the activity of Culicoides paraensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), an annoying anthropophilic biting midge and putative vector of Oropouche Virus in Rondônia, Brazilian Amazon.

Biting midges of the genus Culicoides are insects of proven medical and veterinary importance, because of their role in the transmission of viruses, bacteria, protozoa and nematodes. Culicoides paraensis has been considered the main vector of the Oropouche Virus (OROV) in the urban cycle of the disease in the neotropics. Due to the great abundance of Culicoides spp.

Dexmedetomidine Alone or Combined With Morphine for Epidural Anesthesia in Bitches Undergoing Elective Ovariohysterectomy.

The purpose of this study was to assess perioperative analgesia provided by the combination of epidural dexmedetomidine and morphine in bitches undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. Twenty-four bitches were included in the study and allocated into 3 groups: GM, morphine 0.1 mg/kg; GD, dexmedetomidine 2 µg/kg; and GDM, dexmedetomidine and morphine at the same doses.

Sexual Proportion and Egg Hatching of Vector Mosquitos in an Atlantic Forest Fragment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Some Aedinii mosquitoes are of high importance in the transmission of the sylvatic YFV. Usually, their eggs are very resistant and depend on the rain for their hatching. The present study evaluated the effect of multiple mosquito-egg immersions and the sex ratio of male and female specimens from Atlantic Forest remnants in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Culex quinquefasciatus predominance during integrated mosquito surveillance in an urban area of the Brazilian Amazon.

The presence and establishment of Culicidae in urban areas increase the transmissibility of tropical diseases, since some species can participate as vectors of pathogens. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the indoor and outdoor abundance of immature and adult populations of Culicidae at the urban area of Porto Velho, Rondônia. Mosquitoes were captured using electric aspirators and ovitraps in September and December 2018 in 27 households spread over nine neighborhoods.

Arbovirus detection in synanthropic mosquitoes from the Brazilian Amazon and in mosquito saliva using Flinders Technology Associates cards.

Although arbovirus transmission and identifying target vectors may provide a baseline for planning disease control strategies, there are many gaps in knowledge regarding these mosquitoes and viral species in urban, rural, or sylvatic habitats in the Brazilian Amazon. Our goal was to screen for dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses in synanthropic mosquitoes and with Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) cards using insect saliva. Mosquitoes were caught using ovitraps and aspirators in the city of Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil.

Anopheline diversity in urban and peri-urban malaria foci: comparison between alternative traps and seasonal effects in a city in the Western Brazilian Amazon.

Background: Continuous vector surveillance and sustainable interventions are mandatory in order to prevent anopheline proliferation (or spread to new areas) and interrupt malaria transmission. Anopheline abundance and richness were evaluated in urban and peri-urban malaria foci at a medium-sized city in the Brazilian Amazon, comparing the protected human landing catch technique (PHLC) and alternative sampling methods over different seasonal periods. Additional information was assessed for female feeding behaviour and faunal composition.

Transanal Local Excision of Rectal Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation: Is There a Place for It or Should Be Avoided at All Costs?

Tumor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) with tumor downsizing and downstaging has significantly impacted the number of patients considered to be appropriate candidates for transanal local excision (TLE). Some patients may harbor small residual lesions, restricted to the bowel wall. These patients, who exhibit major response ("near-complete") by digital rectal examination, endoscopic assessment, and radiological assessment may be considered for this approach.

Comparison of Coinduction Adjuvants to Propofol in Healthy Cats Sedated With Dexmedetomidine.

This study aimed to compare the effects of different coinduction agents on the duration and dose of propofol in healthy cats. Six cats aged 4.8 ± 1.

Propofol at Single Bolus and Continuous Rate Infusion Significantly Increases Serum Triglycerides, but not Cholesterol, In Healthy Bitches Undergoing Elective Ovariohysterectomy.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a single bolus and continuous rate infusion (CRI) of 1% propofol on cholesterol and triglyceride levels of healthy bitches undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. 10 healthy bitches undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy had blood samples obtained at baseline (T), 15 minutes following premedication with acepromazine and morphine (T), after an intravenous bolus of propofol (induction to anesthesia, T) and following 90 minutes of CRI of propofol started at 0.4 mg kg min and adjusted according to individual requirements (T).

Rhodnius spp. infestation in palm trees and natural infection by Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli in periurban and rural areas of state of the Rondônia, in the Brazilian Amazon.

The state of Rondônia in the Brazilian Amazon is prone to diseases transmitted by insect vectors because of the environmental and population changes resulting from large hydroelectric projects and the expansion of agricultural and livestock industries. The first case of Chagas disease by vectorial transmission was recorded in 2019 in a rural area in Rondônia, reinforcing the need for entomological surveillance. Hence, our goal was to estimate the abundance of Rhodnius spp.

Survey of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in Guajará-Mirim State Park forest reserve, near the Brazil-Bolivian border, with a description of Pintomyia fiocruzi, a new sand fly species.

Rondônia State has been subject to a higher percentage of deforestation than any other Brazilian state in the Amazon basin. Rondônia's protected forests are extremely important because their biodiversity attests to the species richness that has been lost to human encroachment. Phlebotomine sand flies are Leishmania vectors that have the potential to function as environmental bioindicators.

Composition and Vertical Stratification of Phlebotomine Sand Fly Fauna and the Molecular Detection of in Forested Areas in Rondônia State Municipalities, Western Amazon, Brazil.

This study examined sand fly diversity and the natural infection of sand flies by in three localities in Rondônia State: Santo Antônio and São Vicente farm, which are anthropized environments, and the Jamari FLONA, which has not been anthropized. Sand flies were collected in canopies and at ground level using CDC light traps and BG-Sentinel CO traps. Female sand flies were grouped into pools that were subjected to DNA extraction and the samples were subjected to PCR to detect and identify .

Sand Fly Fauna Associated With Dwellings and Forest Habitats Along the BR-319 Highway, Amazonas, Brazil.

Roads and highways can affect the spread of insect-borne diseases by limiting or amplifying the spatiotemporal distribution of vectors, pathogens, and hosts, which can, in turn, lead to the creation of a nidus of infection. The aim of this study was to compare the diversity (richness and abundance) of phlebotomine sand flies in household and forest edge environments found along two different segments of an Amazonian highway. Sampling was conducted along the northern and southern portions of highway BR-319, in Amazonas State, Brazil.