Midbrain dopaminergic innervation of the hippocampus is sufficient to modulate formation of aversive memories.

Aversive memories are important for survival, and dopaminergic signaling in the hippocampus has been implicated in aversive learning. However, the source and mode of action of hippocampal dopamine remain controversial. Here, we utilize anterograde and retrograde viral tracing methods to label midbrain dopaminergic projections to the dorsal hippocampus.

Ecological momentary assessment of affect in context after traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: To describe where, with whom, and how time was spent daily, and to characterize positive and negative affect, boredom, enjoyment, and perceived accomplishment as a function of time, activity, location, and social context, in people with chronic moderate-severe traumatic brain injury and depression/anxiety.

Research Method: Participants (N = 23) responded to a smartphone app five times daily for approximately 2 weeks prior to treatment in a trial of Behavioral Activation. The app queried activity and physical/social context; concurrent positive and negative affect; and perceived boredom, enjoyment, and accomplishment.

Behavioral Activation Augmented With Mobile Technology for Depression and Anxiety in Chronic Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To describe and provide the rationale for a randomized controlled trial for depression or anxiety after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), which will test 2 treatments based on behavioral activation (BA), a promising model to promote both positive mood and increased activity in this population.

Design: Randomized controlled trial with masked outcome assessment.

Setting: Outpatient catchment area of 1 TBI treatment center.

Randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial of tadalafil in Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis.

Objective: Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is an important clinical feature of systemic sclerosis (SSc) for which consistently effective therapies are lacking. The study was designed to assess the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of tadalafil, a selective, long acting type V cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase (PDE-5) inhibitor, in this clinical syndrome.

Methods: We performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study comparing oral tadalafil at a fixed dose of 20 mg daily for a period of 4 weeks versus placebo in women with RP secondary to SSc.

Assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with systemic sclerosis: comparison of noninvasive tests with results of right-heart catheterization.

Objective: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an ominous complication in patients with scleroderma (systemic sclerosis, SSc). We compared noninvasive assessment of PH with pulmonary artery (PA) pressures obtained by right-heart catheterization (RHC).

Methods: Forty-nine patients with SSc were evaluated for suspected PH based on clinical findings, progressive dyspnea, and pulmonary function tests (PFT).

Bosentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to scleroderma.

Objective: . To assess the efficacy and tolerability of bosentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to systemic sclerosis (SSc-PAH) including patients with restrictive lung disease.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 23 SSc-PAH patients with PAH at baseline [PA systolic pressure (PASP) >or= 45 mm Hg by echocardiogram or mean PA pressure > 25 mm Hg at rest by cardiac catheterization], World Health Organization (WHO) functional classes II-IV, and with data available for 18 months.