Cognitive performance during exposure to moderate normobaric hypoxia after sleep restriction: Relationship to physiological and stress biomarkers.

Introduction: Exposure to moderate levels of simulated hypoxia has subtle cognitive effects relative to ground level, in healthy individuals. However, there are few data on the cognitive consequences of the combination of hypoxia and partial sleep deprivation, which is a classic military or civilian operational context. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to moderate hypoxia while sleep-restricted impairs several domains of cognition, and we also assessed physiological parameters and salivary concentrations of cortisol and alpha-amylase.

Haemodynamic compensations for exercise tissue oxygenation in early stages of COPD: an integrated cardiorespiratory assessment study.

Background: Cardiovascular comorbidities are increasingly being recognised in early stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) yet complete cardiorespiratory functional assessments of individuals with mild COPD or presenting with COPD risk factors are lacking. This paper reports on the effectiveness of the cardiocirculatory-limb muscles oxygen delivery and utilisation axis in smokers exhibiting no, or mild to moderate degrees of airflow obstruction using standardised cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).

Methods: Post-bronchodilator spirometry was used to classify participants as 'ever smokers without' (n=88), with 'mild' (n=63) or 'mild-moderate' COPD (n=56).

Mitochondrial Function in Healthy Human White Adipose Tissue: A Narrative Review.

As ¾ of the global population either have excess or insufficient fat, it has become increasingly critical to understand the functions and dysfunctions of adipose tissue (AT). AT serves as a key organ in energy metabolism, and recently, attention has been focused on white AT, particularly its mitochondria, as the literature evidence links their functions to adiposity. This narrative review provides an overview of mitochondrial functionality in human white AT.

Eccentric and concentric exercises induce different adaptions in adipose tissue biology.

Alterations in adipose tissue (AT) metabolism related to inflammation and adipokine's production lead to perturbations in its capacity to store lipids and release fatty acids (FA) during feeding/fasting transition or during exercise. Exercise has a beneficial effect on AT metabolism, but conventional trainings are not always suitable for patients with functional limitations. Dynamic eccentric (ECC) exercise prevents the accumulation of AT and may then overcome those limitations.

Effects of exercise-induced metabolic and mechanical loading on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in male rats.

Over the past decades, a growing interest in eccentric (ECC) exercise has emerged, but mitochondrial adaptations to ECC training remain poorly documented. Using an approach for manipulating mechanical and metabolic exercise power, we positioned that for the same metabolic power, training using concentric (CON) or ECC contractions would induce similar skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations. Sixty adult rats were randomly assigned to a control (CTRL) or three treadmill training groups running at 15 m·min for 45 min, 5 days weekly for 8 wk at targeted upward or downward slopes.

Aerobic Metabolic Adaptations in Endurance Eccentric Exercise and Training: From Whole Body to Mitochondria.

A characteristic feature of eccentric as compared with concentric exercise is the ability to generate greater mechanical loads for lower cardiopulmonary demands. Current evidence concurs to show that eccentric training translates into considerable gains in muscle mass and strength. Less is known, however, regarding its impact on oxygen transport and on factors to be considered for optimizing its prescription and monitoring.

Effectiveness of combined eccentric and concentric exercise over traditional cardiac exercise rehabilitation programme in patients with chronic heart failure: protocol for a randomised controlled study.

Introduction: Exercise-based rehabilitation is a standard feature of chronic heart failure management. The effectiveness of eccentric exercise could offer new opportunities for better tailoring rehabilitation programme to patients' limitations. The goal of the study is to contrast the impact of a mixed eccentric and concentric cycling training programme, to that of conventional concentric cycling rehabilitation in patients with chronic heart failure (peak oxygen consumption (VO) < 15 mL⋅kg⋅min, ejection fraction <40%).

The effect of a physiological increase in temperature on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in rat myofibers.

We investigated the effect of temperature increase on mitochondrial fatty acid (FA) and carbohydrate oxidation in the slow-oxidative skeletal muscles (soleus) of rats. We measured mitochondrial respiration at 35°C and 40°C with the physiological substrates pyruvate + 4 mM malate (Pyr) and palmitoyl-CoA (PCoA) + 0.5 mM malate + 2 mM carnitine in permeabilized myofibers under nonphosphorylating () or phosphorylating () conditions.

Impact of Eccentric or Concentric Training on Body Composition and Energy Expenditure.

Purpose: To compare the effects of 8-wk eccentric (ECC) versus concentric (CON) training using downhill and uphill running in rats on whole body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and energy expenditure.

Methods: Animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: 1) control (CTRL), 2) +15% uphill-running slope (CON), 3) -15% downhill-running slope (ECC15), and 4) -30% downhill-running slope (ECC30). Those programs enabled to achieve conditions of isopower output for CON and ECC15 and of iso-oxygen uptake (V˙O2) for CON and ECC30.

Eccentric Training Improves Body Composition by Inducing Mechanical and Metabolic Adaptations: A Promising Approach for Overweight and Obese Individuals.

Skeletal muscle generates force by either shortening (concentrically) or lengthening (eccentrically). Eccentric (ECC) exercise is characterized by a lower metabolic demand and requires less muscle activity than concentric (CON) exercise at the same level of exerted force. However, the specific effect of ECC training vs.