Upper respiratory tract detection of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae employing nasopharyngeal swabs.

Background: Flock-level prevalence and characterization of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae is determined almost exclusively using nasal swabbing followed by molecular detection with either quantitative PCR or multi-locus sequence typing. However, the diagnostic performance and efficiency of swabbing the nasal passage compared to other anatomical locations has not been determined within sheep populations. The goal of this research was to assess the diagnostic capability of nasopharyngeal swabs in comparison to nasal swabs for the detection of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae.

Evaluation of platelet additive solution for prolonging storage of functional canine platelet concentrate.

Objective: To assess storage lesion development, platelet function, and bacterial growth in canine platelet concentrates (PCs) stored in a platelet additive solution (PAS) or a plasma control at 4°C for 21 days.

Design: Prospective, ex vivo, experimental controlled study.

Setting: University veterinary teaching hospital.

The effects of additive solutions on the development of storage lesions in canine platelet concentrates stored at 4°C.

Objective: To assess platelet storage lesion development as evaluated by measurement of metabolic markers, platelet activation markers, and aggregometry, and determine the occurrence of bacterial growth in platelets stored in platelet additive solution (PAS) at 4°C for 7 days.

Design: Prospective, ex vivo experimental controlled study.

Setting: Research laboratory of a university veterinary teaching hospital.

The effects of additive solutions on the development of storage lesions in stored canine platelet concentrates.

Objective: To determine if platelet additive solutions (PAS) decrease the occurrence and degree of platelet storage lesions, maintain platelet function, and extend storage time in vitro beyond 5 days at 22°C when compared to platelets stored in plasma only.

Design: Prospective, ex vivo experimental controlled study.

Setting: Research laboratory in a school of veterinary medicine.

Pharmacometabolomics with a combination of PLS-DA and random forest algorithm analyses reveal meloxicam alters feline plasma metabolite profiles.

Repeated administration of meloxicam to cats is often limited by the potential damage to multiple organ systems. Identifying molecules that predict the adverse effects of meloxicam would help to monitor and individualize its administration, maximizing meloxicam's beneficial effects. The objectives of this study were to (a) determine if the repeated administration of meloxicam to cats alters the plasma metabolome and (b) identify plasma metabolites that may serve to monitor during the administration of meloxicam in cats.

Pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase: Substrate versatility, enantiospecificity, and kinetic properties.

Two western red cedar pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase (PLR) homologues were studied to determine their enantioselective, substrate versatility, and kinetic properties. PLRs are downstream of dirigent protein engendered, coniferyl alcohol derived, stereoselective coupling to afford entry into the 8- and 8'-linked furofuran lignan, pinoresinol. Our investigations showed that each PLR homolog can enantiospecifically metabolize different furofuran lignans with modified aromatic ring substituents, but where phenolic groups at both C4/C4' are essential for catalysis.

Urinary chemical fingerprint left behind by repeated NSAID administration: Discovery of putative biomarkers using artificial intelligence.

Prediction and early detection of kidney damage induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) would provide the best chances of maximizing the anti-inflammatory effects while minimizing the risk of kidney damage. Unfortunately, biomarkers for detecting NSAID-induced kidney damage in cats remain to be discovered. To identify potential urinary biomarkers for monitoring NSAID-based treatments, we applied an untargeted metabolomics approach to urine collected from cats treated repeatedly with meloxicam or saline for up to 17 days.

Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid and its effect on CD4 and CD8 T cells after oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil to healthy cats.

Background: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressant used in human and veterinary medicine. Little pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic information on MMF is available in cats.

Objective: To evaluate the plasma disposition of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and assess its effect on total peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CD4 /CD8 ratios after PO administration of MMF.

Understanding the effect of repeated administration of meloxicam on feline renal cortex and medulla: A lipidomics and metabolomics approach.

Repeated administration of meloxicam can cause kidney damage in cats by mechanisms that remain unclear. Metabolomics and lipidomics are powerful, noninvasive approaches used to investigate tissue response to drug exposure. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of meloxicam on the feline kidney using untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics approaches.

Investigation into the causes of aspirin resistance in healthy dogs.

Antiplatelet effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) may be poor in some individuals. Additionally, no method exists for predicting poor ASA response (resistance) in individual dogs. This study's main objective was to determine whether poor ASA response results from pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic causes.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mycophenolic acid in healthy cats after twice-daily intravenous infusion of mycophenolate mofetil for three days.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the plasma disposition of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and its derivatives MPA glucuronide and MPA glucoside after twice-daily infusions of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in healthy cats for 3 days and to assess the effect of MMF administration on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) counts and CD4-to-CD8 ratios. ANIMALS 5 healthy adult cats. PROCEDURES MMF was administered to each cat (10 mg/kg, IV, q 12 h for 3 days).

Simultaneous determination of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide and glycoside derivatives in canine and feline plasma by UHPLC-UV.

Cats and dogs can suffer from multiple autoimmune diseases. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a potentially useful immunosuppressant drug in cats and dogs, because of its well-documented efficacy in controlling autoimmune disease in humans. However, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in these species remain to be determined.

In Vitro Evaluation of the Biological Responses of Canine Macrophages Challenged with PLGA Nanoparticles Containing Monophosphoryl Lipid A.

Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) have been considerably studied as a promising biodegradable delivery system to induce effective immune responses and to improve stability, safety, and cost effectiveness of vaccines. The study aimed at evaluating early inflammatory effects and cellular safety of PLGA NPs, co-encapsulating ovalbumin (PLGA/OVA NPs), as a model antigen and the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (PLGA/MPLA NPs) as an adjuvant, on primary canine macrophages. The PLGA NPs constructs were prepared following the emulsion-solvent evaporation technique and further physic-chemically characterized.