Effects of halothane, sevoflurane and desflurane on the force-frequency relation in the dog heart in vivo.

Purpose: Frequency potentiation is the increase in force of contraction induced by an increased heart rate (HR). This positive staircase phenomenon has been attributed to changes in Ca2+ entry and loading of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Volatile anesthetics interfere with Ca2+ homeostasis of cardiomyocytes.

Effects of halothane, sevoflurane and desflurane on the force-frequency relation in the dog heart in vivo.

Purpose: Frequency potentiation is the increase in force of contraction induced by an increased heart rate (HR). This positive staircase phenomenon has been attributed to changes in Ca2+ entry and loading of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Volatile anesthetics interfere with Ca2+ homeostasis of cardiomyocytes.