Physiotherapeutic Treatment for Levator Ani Avulsion after Delivery: A Transperineal Three-dimensional Ultrasound Assessment.

Background: Levator ani avulsion is defined as the interruption of the insertion of this muscle on the pubic bone. It is currently recognized as an important triggering factor for genital prolapse. Although surgical interventions are available, there are no conservative strategies for this muscular injury.

Transperineal three-dimensional ultrasound for analyzing the effects of perineal stretching with EPI-NO in women with multiple pregnancies: a pilot study.

Objective: To compare the changes in the pelvic floor of women with twin pregnancies who practiced muscle stretching with the EPI-NO vaginal dilator, as assessed using transperineal three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS).

Method: This prospective cross-sectional case-control study included nulliparous women in the third trimester of their multiple pregnancies and divided them into the control group (CG,  = 9) and EPI-NO group (EpiG,  = 9). During pretreatment, the women underwent transperineal 3DUS to establish the morphometric measurements of the pelvic floor.

Perineal Distensibility Using Epi-no in Twin Pregnancies: Comparative Study with Singleton Pregnancies.

The aims of this study were to compare perineal distensibility between women with twin and singleton pregnancies and to correlate these women's perineal distensibility with anthropometric data. This prospective cross-sectional case-control study was conducted among nulliparous women, of whom 20 were pregnant with twins and 23 with a single fetus. Perineal distensibility was evaluated in the third trimester by means of Epi-no, which was introduced into the vagina and inflated up to the maximum tolerable limit.

Assessing the impact of twin pregnancies on the pelvic floor using 3-dimensional sonography: a pilot study.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the morphologic characteristics of the pelvic floor musculature between women with twin and singleton pregnancies.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional case-control study of 40 nulliparous women aged 20 to 38 years to compare women with singleton pregnancies (n = 23) to women with twin pregnancies (n = 17). Biometric measurements of the levator hiatus and the sagittal and coronal diameters were made by transperineal 3-dimensional sonography between the 28th and 38th gestational weeks.