Many phytopathogenic bacteria require a type III secretion system (TTSS) to activate effector-triggered immunity (ETI). We identified a calcium-binding protein, EfhX, in the citrus pathogen subsp. that does not require a TTSS to activate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elicit a hypersensitive reaction (HR) in tomato leaves following infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClustering of L-type voltage-gated Ca channels (LTCCs) in the plasma membrane is increasingly implicated in creating highly localized Ca signaling nanodomains. For example, neuronal LTCC activation can increase phosphorylation of the nuclear CREB transcription factor by increasing Ca concentrations within a nanodomain close to the channel, without requiring bulk Ca increases in the cytosol or nucleus. However, the molecular basis for LTCC clustering is poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The anterior hippocampus of individuals with early psychosis or schizophrenia is hyperactive, as is the ventral hippocampus in many rodent models for schizophrenia risk. Mossy cells (MCs) of the ventral dentate gyrus (DG) densely project in the hippocampal long axis, targeting both dorsal DG granule cells and inhibitory interneurons. Mossy cells are responsive to stimulation throughout hippocampal subfields, and thus may be suited to detect hyperactivity in areas where it originates such as CA1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Pregnancy Childbirth
July 2016
Background: Detection and management of antenatal risk factors is critical for improved maternal and infant outcomes. This study describes the proportion of pregnant women who self-reported being screened for and offered advice to manage antenatal risk factors in line with antenatal care recommendations; and the characteristics associated with rates of screening.
Methods: A survey was undertaken with 223 (64 % of eligible) pregnant women recruited from an outpatient obstetrics clinic at a public hospital.