RFWD3 promotes ZRANB3 recruitment to regulate the remodeling of stalled replication forks.

Replication fork reversal is an important mechanism to protect the stability of stalled forks and thereby preserve genomic integrity. While multiple enzymes have been identified that can remodel forks, their regulation remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the ubiquitin ligase RFWD3, whose mutation causes Fanconi Anemia, promotes recruitment of the DNA translocase ZRANB3 to stalled replication forks and ubiquitinated sites of DNA damage.

Diagnosis and management of pharyngoesophageal stenosis: A comprehensive approach to prophylactic, endoscopic, and reconstructive treatment options.

Background: Pharyngoesophageal stenosis (PES) is a serious complication that substantially impacts functional outcomes and quality of life (QOL) for up to a third of head and neck cancer patients who undergo radiotherapy. Dysphagia is often multifactorial in nature and is a devastating complication of treatment that impacts patients' QOL, general health and overall wellbeing. The authors detail the clinical presentation, risk factors, imaging characteristics, preventive measures, and multimodality treatment options for PES.

Primary Hyperparathyroidism During Pregnancy Treated With Parathyroidectomy: A Systematic Review.

Objectives/hypothesis: The primary objective of this study was to assess the safety of parathyroidectomy during pregnancy as treatment for hyperparathyroidism (HPTH) in comparison to nonsurgical management plans. Secondary outcomes involved analyzing the safety of surgery in the third trimester and the benefit of operating on asymptomatic pregnant patients.

Study Design: Systematic review.

Metastatic thyroid carcinoma to the parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal spaces: Systematic review with seven newly reported cases describing an uncommon presentation of a common disease.

Background: Metastatic thyroid carcinoma to retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal (RP/PP) lymph nodes is rare. Literature suggests previous lateral neck dissection (LND) may alter patterns of lymphatic drainage in the neck, predisposing to these less common sites of spread.

Methods: PRISMA-guided systematic search for all published cases detailing RP/PP metastases of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma from 1970 to 2019.

Incongruent radiographic indication of calvarial metastatic diploic space invasion with absent histologic findings in a patient with basal cell carcinoma of the scalp.

Background: Radiographic imaging is often used to determine basal cell carcinoma (BCC) extension and invasion and to define a surgical plan. However, imaging modalities may overestimate tumor invasion and lead to unnecessarily aggressive treatment.

Methods: A 77-year-old woman was seen with a growing BCC of the scalp with MRI imaging indicative of calvarial diploic space invasion.

Assessment of efficacy and tolerability of once-daily extended release metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: To determine prospectively the efficacy, tolerability and patient satisfaction of an extended release formulation of metformin (metformin XR) in hospital based outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus currently treated with standard metformin.

Methods: Patients on immediate release standard metformin either alone or combined with other oral agents were switched to extended release metformin XR 500 mg tablets and titrated to a maximum dose of 2000 mg/day Measurements to include glucose and lipid control, blood pressure, body weight, waist circumference, C-reactive protein, adverse events and patient satisfaction were recorded at baseline, three and six months.

Results: Complete data were obtained for 35 of the 61 patients enrolled to the study.