Significance of bisphosphonates on angiogenesis in vivo and their effect under geranyl-geraniol addition - could it alter the treatment of bisphosphonate-associated necrosis of the jaw?

Purpose: The aim of this study was to contribute to the understanding of the inhibitory effects of bisphosphonates on tissues, with a special focus on angiogenesis. Referring to bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (BP-ONJ), it should be shown that the local addition of the isoprenoid geranyl-geraniol (GGOH) prevents vascularization processes.

Methods: A mouse model with n = 24 animals which received an injection of a collagen matrix was used.

Isolated Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy as an Early Symptom of a Granular Cell Tumor.

Background: Hypoglossal nerve palsy (HNP) is rather common as a neurological disease. However, as an isolated nerve palsy it is an exceedingly rare phenomenon and points at local pathologies along the peripheral course of the nerve. In this communication we report a granular cell tumor (GCT) arising in the submandibular segment of the hypoglossal nerve.

Molecular defects in BRAF wild-type ameloblastomas and craniopharyngiomas-differences in mutation profiles in epithelial-derived oropharyngeal neoplasms.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mutation profile of BRAF wild-type craniopharyngiomas and ameloblastomas. Pre-screening by immunohistochemistry and pyrosequencing for identifying BRAF wild-type tumors was performed on archived specimens of ameloblastic tumors (n = 20) and craniopharyngiomas (n = 62). Subsequently, 19 BRAF wild-type tumors (nine ameloblastic tumors and ten craniopharyngiomas) were analyzed further using next-generation sequencing (NGS) targeting hot spot mutations of 22 cancer-related genes.

Nasolabial Flap Improves Healing in Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw.

Purpose: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is an adverse side effect of antiresorptive and antiangiogenic therapeutic agents that is difficult to treat owing to its high relapse rate. The aim of the present study was to determine whether patients with MRONJ treated using decortication and a nasolabial flap compared with those who underwent decortication with mucoperiosteal flaps have better outcomes regarding stable wound closure.

Materials And Methods: Two groups of patients with MRONJ and intraoral exposed bone were evaluated in a cohort clinical study retrospectively.

3D-Printed Simulation Device for Orbital Surgery.

Objectives: Orbital surgery is a challenging procedure because of its complex anatomy. Training could especially benefit from dedicated study models. The currently available devices lack sufficient anatomical representation and realistic soft tissue properties.

Cytogenetic and immunohistochemical biomarker profiling of therapy-relevant factors in salivary gland carcinomas.

Objectives: There is currently no established algorithm for the molecular profiling of therapy-relevant defects in salivary gland carcinomas (SGC). HER2 overexpression in a subfraction of SGC and low frequencies of EGFR mutations are known. Here, we established receptor and cell signalling profiles of 17 therapy-relevant factors and propose a molecular diagnostic algorithm for SGC.

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders with naso- and oropharyngeal manifestation.

The nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal lymphatic tissues represent the anatomical site of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) entry. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are often associated with EBV, but little is known about the characteristics of nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal mass-forming PTLD. Retrospective evaluation of our own PTLD database (n = 79) and the PubMed(®) database (n = 61) has been performed.

Modified technique for rehabilitation of facial paralysis using autogenous fascia lata grafts.

Purpose: In this retrospective study we used a modified surgical technique for midface reanimation in patients with facial nerve paralysis. Facial atonicity can cause functional impairment regarding speech articulation, oral competence, breathing, and eyelid closure. Furthermore, esthetic and psychological aspects play an important role in patients' emotional interaction and social integration.

Aberrant expression of caspase 14 in salivary gland carcinomas.

Objectives: Caspase 14 is reduced in adenocarcinomas of the stomach and colon. In contrast, breast and lung adenocarcinomas frequently show an overexpression of caspase 14. Salivary gland adenocarcinomas have not been evaluated for potential aberrant caspase 14 expression.

Expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A 16, tumour protein 53 and epidermal growth factor receptor in salivary gland carcinomas is not associated with oncogenic virus infection.

It is known that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can cause squamous cell neoplasms at several sites, such as cervix uteri carcinoma and oral squamous carcinoma. There is little information on the expression of HPV and its predictive markers in tumours of the major and minor salivary glands of the head and neck. We therefore assessed oral salivary gland neoplasms to identify associations between HPV and infection-related epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A/p16) and tumour protein p53 (TP53).

Optic nerve monitoring.

Orbital and anterior skull base surgery is generally performed close to the prechiasmatic visual pathway, and clear strategies for detecting and handling visual pathway damage are essential. To overcome the common problem of a missed clinical examination because of an uncooperative or unresponsive patient, flash visual evoked potentials and electroretinograms should be used. These electrophysiologic examination techniques can provide evidence of intact, pathologic, or absent conductivity of the visual pathway when clinical assessment is not feasible.

Subperiosteal preparation using a new piezoelectric device: a histological examination.

Introduction: Subperiosteal preparation using a periosteal elevator leads to disturbances of local immunohistochemistry and periosteal histology due to a microtrauma. Usually soft-tissue damage can be considerably reduced by using piezoelectric technology. For this reason, the effects of a novel piezoelectric device on immunohistochemistry and periosteal histology were examined and compared to conventional preparation of the periosteum using a periosteal elevator.

Advances in assessing the volume of odontogenic cysts and tumors in the mandible: a retrospective clinical trial.

Purpose: To compare two methods of creating three-dimensional representations of mandibular cysts and tumors on the basis of computed tomography (CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data.

Methods: A total of 71 patients with acquired jaw cysts took part in this retrospective clinical study. CT and CBCT scans were obtained from all patients and saved in the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format.

Orbital lymphoma: diagnostic approach and treatment outcome.

Background: Lymphomas of the orbit and orbital adnexae are rare tumors, comprising only 1% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The majority of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the orbit are extranodal marginal-zone B-cell lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type. Because of nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms, some diagnostic delay may occur.

Surgical treatment of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw: technical report and follow up of 21 patients.

Introduction: Bisphosphonates are used to reduce skeletal related events in patients with bone consuming diseases such as osteoporosis and bone metastases. However recently there has been an increased awareness of bisphosphonate-associated necrosis of the jaws (BP-ONJ). Many authors propose conservative management in these cases but invariably the problem is not treated successfully allowing the bone defect to worsen.

Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the mandible: reliable soft tissue reconstruction using a local myofascial flap.

For the treatment of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (BP-associated ONJ), poor cure rates are reported. In many cases, repeated osseous exposition and infection may occur. The currently recommended management of affected patients is antibiotic treatment and bony decortication, which is often complicated by soft tissue deficits due to chronic infection.

Treatment of mandibular high-flow vascular malformations: report of 2 cases.

Two cases of high-flow vascular malformations affecting the mandible are presented. Manifesting mainly in childhood, intraosseous arteriovenous malformations are extremely rare morphologic errors of vascular morphogenesis that can lead to life-threatening hemorrhage without appropriate treatment. A dentist referred an 8-year-old girl with radiolucency in the left mandible and supraocclusion of the mandibular left first molar.