Impact of microbial diversity on inflammatory cytokines and respiratory pattern measured in whole-body plethysmography in guinea pig models.

Objective: This study investigates the breathing patterns and immune status of guinea pigs raised under specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions compared to conventionally bred (CON).

Methods: Breathing pattern parameters were assessed using whole-body plethysmography (WBP) during quiet breathing and saline nebulisation. Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analysed for white blood cell, neutrophil and eosinophil counts, and cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4).

Novel pilot study on plasma metabolites and biomarkers in a rat model of silica-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis.

Silica-induced lung damage may be associated with changes in distinct metabolites potentially serving as biomarkers. Due to the lack of metabolomic data from animal models, this pilot study aimed to evaluate changes in markers of inflammation and fibrosis, as well as plasma metabolites in rats at 14 and 28 days after silica instillation. Adult male Wistar rats were administered a single oropharyngeal intratracheal dose of silica suspension or sterile saline in controls.

Factors influencing airway smooth muscle tone: a comprehensive review with a special emphasis on pulmonary surfactant.

A thin film of pulmonary surfactant lines the surface of the airways and alveoli, where it lowers the surface tension in the peripheral lungs, preventing collapse of the bronchioles and alveoli and reducing the work of breathing. It also possesses a barrier function for maintaining the blood-gas interface of the lungs and plays an important role in innate immunity. The surfactant film covers the epithelium lining both large and small airways, forming the first line of defense between toxic airborne particles/pathogens and the lungs.

The Synthetic Surfactant CHF5633 Restores Lung Function and Lung Architecture in Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Adult Rabbits.

Purpose: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major cause of hypoxemic respiratory failure in adults. In ARDS extensive inflammation and leakage of fluid into the alveoli lead to dysregulation of pulmonary surfactant metabolism and function. Altered surfactant synthesis, secretion, and breakdown contribute to the clinical features of decreased lung compliance and alveolar collapse.

Metabolomics in Animal Models of Bronchial Asthma and Its Translational Importance for Clinics.

Bronchial asthma is an extremely heterogenous chronic respiratory disorder with several distinct endotypes and phenotypes. These subtypes differ not only in the pathophysiological changes and/or clinical features but also in their response to the treatment. Therefore, precise diagnostics represent a fundamental condition for effective therapy.

Advances in the Use of -Acetylcysteine in Chronic Respiratory Diseases.

-acetylcysteine (NAC) is widely used because of its mucolytic effects, taking part in the therapeutic protocols of cystic fibrosis. NAC is also administered as an antidote in acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdosing. Thanks to its wide antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, NAC may also be of benefit in other chronic inflammatory and fibrotizing respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, idiopathic lung fibrosis, or lung silicosis.

Efficiency of exogenous surfactant combined with intravenous N-acetylcysteine in two-hit rodent model of ARDS.

Accumulation of reactive oxygen species during hyperoxia together with secondary bacteria-induced inflammation leads to lung damage in ventilated critically ill patients. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in combination with surfactant may improve lung function. We compared the efficacy of NAC combined with surfactant in the double-hit model of lung injury.

Effects of Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on Markers of Inflammation and Fibrosis in a Rat Model of Pulmonary Silicosis.

Inhalation of silica particles causes inflammatory changes leading to fibrotizing silicosis. Considering a lack of effective therapy, and a growing information on the wide actions of green tea polyphenols, particularly epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the aim of this study was to evaluate the early effects of EGCG on markers of inflammation and lung fibrosis in silicotic rats. The silicosis model was induced by a single transoral intratracheal instillation of silica (50 mg/mL/animal), while controls received an equivalent volume of saline.

-Acetylcysteine in Mechanically Ventilated Rats with Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: The Effect of Intravenous Dose on Oxidative Damage and Inflammation.

Treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is challenging due to its multifactorial aetiology. The benefit of antioxidant therapy was not consistently demonstrated by previous studies. We evaluated the effect of two different doses of intravenous (i.