Seizing resilience windows to foster passive recovery in the forest-water interface in Amazonian lands.

Forest regeneration has increased in many tropical abandoned lands and current restoration commitments in this region aim to restore over 1,400,000 km of degraded land by 2030. Although regenerating forests recover biomass, biodiversity, and processes with time, the recovery trajectories may be uncertain due to past disturbances. Currently, there is a lack of knowledge to sustain the effectiveness of passive regeneration for the recovery of riparian forests and the adjacent waterbodies in the tropics, which may compromise the outcomes of ongoing and future tropical riparian restoration programs.

Phototransformation of selected human-used macrolides in surface water: kinetics, model predictions and degradation pathways.

The phototransformation of clarithromycin and roxithromycin, two human-used macrolide (MLs) antibiotics was investigated in surface waters. Photolysis kinetic data suggest that degradation in water would occur via the direct photolysis of the Fe(III)-MLs complexes. Hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen and other photooxidants generated from nitrate ions and from excited chromophores present in humic acids appeared to have only a very limited impact on the overall degradation of MLs under the adopted UV-vis irradiation conditions.

Adsorption and transformation of selected human-used macrolide antibacterial agents with iron(III) and manganese(IV) oxides.

The adsorption/transformation of two members (clarithromycin and roxithromycin) of the macrolide (ML) antibacterial agents on the surface of three environmental subsurface sorbents (clay, iron(III) and manganese(IV) oxy-hydroxides) was investigated. The adsorption fitted well to the Freundlich model with a high sorption capacity. Adsorption probably occurred through a surface complexation mechanism and was accompanied by slow degradation of the selected MLs.

Evaluating on-line solid-phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry for reliable quantification and confirmation of several classes of antibiotics in urban wastewaters.

This study provides an evaluation of on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography (LC) in combination with ion trap (IT) mass spectrometry for the simultaneous routine analysis of 12 antibiotics belonging to multiple classes together with carbamazepine and propranolol in sewage treatment effluents. The on-line SPE step warranted high sensitivity and high sample throughput while IT mass detection provided high selectivity for confirmation of positive samples. A single extraction procedure resulted in recoveries ranging from 40% to 120%.