Chronic Granulomatous Disease and Myelodysplastic Syndrome in a Patient with a Novel Mutation in .

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is an inborn error of immunity characterized by impaired phagocyte function, recurrent fungal and bacterial infections and granuloma formation in multiple organs. Pediatric myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) is a rare hematological stem cell disease that leads to an ineffective hematopoiesis with variable risk of evolution to acute leukemias. Both disorders are rare and have distinct pathophysiologic mechanisms, with no known association.

Corrigendum: T Cell Responses to Neural Autoantigens Are Similar in Alzheimer's Disease Patients and Age-Matched Healthy Controls.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.

T Cell Responses to Neural Autoantigens Are Similar in Alzheimer's Disease Patients and Age-Matched Healthy Controls.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a chronic multifactorial and complex neurodegenerative disorder is a leading cause of dementia. Recently, neuroinflammation has been hypothesized as a contributing factor to AD pathogenesis. The role of adaptive immune responses against neuronal antigens, which can either confer protection or induce damage in AD, has not been fully characterized.

Update on Hippocampal Sclerosis.

The diagnostic hallmarks of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) are severe volume loss of the hippocampus, severe neuronal loss, and reactive gliosis involving primarily two especially vulnerable fields, CA1 and the subiculum. Occasionally, HS may be the only neuropathological change detected in older individuals with dementia and is known as pure HS. In the majority of cases, HS occurs in the setting of other degenerative changes, usually Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Discovery of a 240 million year old nematode parasite egg in a cynodont coprolite sheds light on the early origin of pinworms in vertebrates.

Background: We report the discovery of a nematode parasite egg (Nemata: Oxyurida) from a coprolite closely associated with the remains of several species of Cynodontia, dated to 240 million years old. This finding is particularly significant because this is the oldest record of an oxyurid nematode yet discovered, and because the cynodonts are considered a stem-group of the mammals.

Methods: We extracted material from a fully mineralized coprolite by both scraping the surface, and removing fragments from its interior with clean dental instruments used a single time.

Prehistorical Pediculus humanus capitis infestation: quantitative data and low vacuum scanning microscopy.

A pre-Columbian Peruvian scalp was examined decades ago by a researcher from the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Professor Olympio da Fonseca Filho described nits and adult lice attached to hair shafts and commented about the origin of head lice infestations on mankind. This same scalp was sent to our laboratory and is the subject of the present paper.

A new ascarid species in cynodont coprolite dated of 240 million years.

Cynodonts represent the transition from reptiles to mammals. They are classified as synapsids, or tetrapod animals with mammalian characteristics. We present here the finding of helminth eggs in a coprolite identified as of cynodont origin dated of nearly 240 million years.

Lutz's spontaneous sedimentation technique and the paleoparasitological analysis of sambaqui (shell mound) sediments.

Parasite findings in sambaquis (shell mounds) are scarce. Although the 121 shell mound samples were previously analysed in our laboratory, we only recently obtained the first positive results. In the sambaqui of Guapi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, paleoparasitological analysis was performed on sediment samples collected from various archaeological layers, including the superficial layer as a control.

Disruption of the peritrophic matrix by exogenous chitinase feeding reduces fecundity in Lutzomyia longipalpis females.

Lutzomyia longipalpis is the most important vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. When female sandflies feed on blood, a peritrophic matrix (PM) is formed around the blood bolus. The PM is secreted by midgut cells and composed of proteins, glycoproteins and chitin microfibrils.

The C-terminal extension of Leishmania pifanoi amastigote-specific cysteine proteinase Lpcys2: a putative function in macrophage infection.

Cysteine proteinases have been implicated in many aspects of protozoan parasite pathogenesis. These hydrolases are normally found as zymogens, and some classes in trypanosomatids possess a long C-terminal extension (CTE), for which no function has been assigned. In this paper we hypothesize that the CTE domain of Lpcys2, the abundant lysosomal cysteine proteinase of Leishmania pifanoi amastigotes, is involved in host cell infection.

Cellular signaling during the macrophage invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi.

We have reported that protein tyrosine kinases play an important role in the invasion of Trypanosoma cruzi into primary resident macrophages. In the present study we carry out immunofluorescence assays, using monoclonal anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies, to reveal an accumulation of tyrosine-phosphorylated residues at the site of parasite association with the macrophage surface, colocalizing with host cell F-actin-rich domains. SDS-PAGE analysis of macrophage cell line IC-21 tyrosine phosphoproteins, labeled with [(35)S] L-methionine, revealed several peptides with increased levels of phosphorylation upon interaction with the parasite.

Participation of host cell actin filaments during interaction of trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi with host cells.

The involvement of actin filaments from the host cell on the process of invasion of trypomastigote forms of Trypanosma cruzi was analyzed in seven different cell lines. Prior incubation of all cell lines with cytochalasin D, under conditions which interfere with actin filaments, markedly inhibited parasite internalization and increased parasite attachment. Attached parasites were readily ingested following washing of the drug-treated cells.