Insilico molecular characterization of a cyanobacterial lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase.

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper-dependent enzymes that catalyze the oxidative cleavage of β(1-4) glycosidic bonds and have attracted considerable attention because of their potential for enhancing efficiency in degrading recalcitrant polymeric substrates, in synergism with hydrolytic enzymes. Fungal-derived LPMOs are the most prevalent type, while other taxonomic groups have been described as potential alternative sources of these enzymes. In the present study, we aimed to identify and characterize in silico a LPMO of cyanobacterial origin with putative functions in chitin depolymerization.

Multiomics analysis reveals microbial diversity and activity through spontaneous fermentation of .

To gain insight into the active microbiota during spontaneous fermentation of L., this study assessed protein diversity during 120 h using a combined metabarconding and metaproteomics approach. During the first days of fermentation, most of the peptides were associated with and yeast (0-72 h).

Global Proteomic Profile of Aluminum-Induced Hippocampal Impairments in Rats: Are Low Doses of Aluminum Really Safe?

Hippocampus is the brain area where aluminum (Al) accumulates in abundance and is widely associated with learning and memory. In the present study, we evaluate behavioral, tissue, and proteomic changes in the hippocampus of Wistar rats caused by exposure to doses that mimic human consumption of aluminum chloride (AlCl) in urban areas. For this, male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: Control (distilled water) and AlCl (8.

Zika Virus Strains and Dengue Virus Induce Distinct Proteomic Changes in Neural Stem Cells and Neurospheres.

Brain abnormalities and congenital malformations have been linked to the circulating strain of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil since 2016 during the microcephaly outbreak; however, the molecular mechanisms behind several of these alterations and differential viral molecular targets have not been fully elucidated. Here we explore the proteomic alterations induced by ZIKV by comparing the Brazilian (Br ZIKV) and the African (MR766) viral strains, in addition to comparing them to the molecular responses to the Dengue virus type 2 (DENV). Neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPSCs) were cultured both as monolayers and in suspension (resulting in neurospheres), which were then infected with ZIKV (Br ZIKV or ZIKV MR766) or DENV to assess alterations within neural cells.

Culture of in Different Carbon Sources to Induce In Vitro Cholesterol Consumption Leads to Alterations in the Host Cells after Infection: A Macrophage Proteomics Analysis.

During tuberculosis, uses host macrophage cholesterol as a carbon and energy source. To mimic these conditions, can be cultured in minimal medium (MM) to induce cholesterol consumption in vitro. During cultivation, consumes MM cholesterol and changes the accumulation of cell wall compounds, such as PIMs, LM, and LAM, which plays an important role in its pathogenicity.

GiTx1(β/κ-theraphotoxin-Gi1a), a novel toxin from the venom of Brazilian tarantula Grammostola iheringi (Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae): Isolation, structural assessments and activity on voltage-gated ion channels.

Spider venoms, despite their toxicity, represent rich sources of pharmacologically active compounds with biotechnological potential. However, in view of the large diversity of the spider species, the full potential of their venom molecules is still far from being known. In this work, we report the purification and structural and functional characterization of GiTx1 (β/κ-TRTX-Gi1a), the first toxin purified from the venom of the Brazilian tarantula spider Grammostola iheringi.

Global liver proteomic analysis of Wistar rats chronically exposed to low-levels of bisphenol A and S.

Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) has been associated with the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, dyslipidemias, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nonetheless, the associated mechanisms are still not fully understood. BPS is being used with no restrictions to replace BPA, which increases the concern regarding its safety and claims for further investigation on its potential mechanisms of toxicity.

Corrigendum: Biochemical Pathways Triggered by Antipsychotics in Human Oligodendrocytes: Potential of Discovering New Treatment Targets.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.

Biochemical Pathways Triggered by Antipsychotics in Human [corrected] Oligodendrocytes: Potential of Discovering New Treatment Targets.

Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that affects more than 21 million people worldwide. It is an incurable disorder and the primary means of managing symptoms is through administration of pharmacological treatments, which consist heavily of antipsychotics. First-generation antipsychotics have the properties of D receptor antagonists.

Molecular Characterization of Human Leukemia 60 (HL-60) Cells as a Model of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Post Cryopreservation.

The use of human leukemic (HL)-60 cells is important for studies of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and as a model system for investigating how specific types of blood cells are formed during the process of hematopoiesis. Here, we present a protocol for growth of HL-60 cells along with molecular and functional profiles associated with their cryostorage. We also elucidate the effects of these procedures on cell viability and functions.

Human leukemia cells (HL-60) proteomic and biological signatures underpinning cryo-damage are differentially modulated by novel cryo-additives.

Background: Cryopreservation is a routinely used methodology for prolonged storage of viable cells. The use of cryo-protective agents (CPAs) such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol, or trehalose is paramount to reducing cellular cryo-injury, but their effectiveness is still limited. The current study focuses on establishing and modulating the proteomic and the corresponding biological profiles associated with the cryo-injury of human leukemia (HL-60) cells cryopreserved in DMSO alone or DMSO +/- novel CPAs (e.

MK-801-Treated Oligodendrocytes as a Cellular Model to Study Schizophrenia.

Glutamate is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor is found both in neurons and glial cells such as oligodendrocytes, which have been shown to be dysfunctional in schizophrenia. For this reasons, the oligodendrocyte MO3.

Co-immunoprecipitation for Deciphering Protein Interactomes.

A single protein is often capable of binding with many partners, enabling potential effects on either protein, such as modifying its expression or activity. However, due to the complex nature of in vivo systems, it is often difficult to perform nontargeted assays with a protein of interest. Methods in discovery proteomics must be used to find potential interactors to pave the way for additional, more focused studies.

A Selected Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry Protocol for Validation of Proteomic Biomarker Candidates in Studies of Psychiatric Disorders.

Most biomarker candidates arising from proteomic studies of psychiatric disorders have not progressed for use in clinical studies due to insufficient validation steps. Here we describe a selective reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (SRM-MS) approach that could be used as a follow-up validation tool of proteins identified in blood serum or plasma. This protocol specifically covers the stages of peptide selection and optimization.

Identifying Biomarker Candidates in the Blood Plasma or Serum Proteome.

Brain disorders are among the most complex and difficult to understand of human disorders in terms of pathophysiology and etiology. Differently from other human diseases such as cancer, which uses biomarkers in clinical practice, there are no prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers available for psychiatric disorders. Those associated with the likelihood of a successful medication are also not existent, impairing treatment strategies.

Zika virus disrupts molecular fingerprinting of human neurospheres.

Zika virus (ZIKV) has been associated with microcephaly and other brain abnormalities; however, the molecular consequences of ZIKV to human brain development are still not fully understood. Here we describe alterations in human neurospheres derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells infected with the strain of Zika virus that is circulating in Brazil. Combining proteomics and mRNA transcriptional profiling, over 500 proteins and genes associated with the Brazilian ZIKV infection were found to be differentially expressed.

Consensus paper of the WFSBP Task Force on Biological Markers: Criteria for biomarkers and endophenotypes of schizophrenia, part III: Molecular mechanisms.

Objectives: Despite progress in identifying molecular pathophysiological processes in schizophrenia, valid biomarkers are lacking for both the disease and treatment response.

Methods: This comprehensive review summarises recent efforts to identify molecular mechanisms on the level of protein and gene expression and epigenetics, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and micro RNA expression. Furthermore, it summarises recent findings of alterations in lipid mediators and highlights inflammatory processes.

Structural and Functional Elucidation of Peptide Ts11 Shows Evidence of a Novel Subfamily of Scorpion Venom Toxins.

To date, several families of peptide toxins specifically interacting with ion channels in scorpion venom have been described. One of these families comprise peptide toxins (called KTxs), known to modulate potassium channels. Thus far, 202 KTxs have been reported, belonging to several subfamilies of KTxs (called α, β, γ, κ, δ, and λ-KTxs).

Proteomics and molecular tools for unveiling missing links in the biochemical understanding of schizophrenia.

Psychiatric disorders are one of the biggest burdens to society, with significant personal and economical costs. Schizophrenia (SCZ), among them, is still poorly understood, and its molecular characterization is crucial to improve patients' diagnosis and treatment. The combination of genetic, biochemical, and environmental factors leads to systemic alterations, which are yet to be fully comprehended.

Psychiatric disorders biochemical pathways unraveled by human brain proteomics.

Approximately 25 % of the world population is affected by a mental disorder at some point in their life. Yet, only in the mid-twentieth century a biological cause has been proposed for these diseases. Since then, several studies have been conducted toward a better comprehension of those disorders, and although a strong genetic influence was revealed, the role of these genes in disease mechanism is still unclear.

Unveiling alterative splice diversity from human oligodendrocyte proteome data.

Unlabelled: Oligodendrocytes produce and maintain the myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system. Because misassembled myelin sheaths have been associated with brain disorders such as multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia, recent advances have been made towards the description of the oligodendrocyte proteome. The identification of splice variants represented in the proteome is as important as determining the level of oligodendrocyte-associated proteins.

Differential proteome and phosphoproteome may impact cell signaling in the corpus callosum of schizophrenia patients.

Schizophrenia is a multifactorial disease in both clinical and molecular terms. Thus, depicting the molecular aspects of the disease will contribute to the understanding of its biochemical mechanisms and consequently may lead to the development of new treatment strategies. The protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation switch acts as the main mechanism for regulating cellular signaling.

Effect of MK-801 and Clozapine on the Proteome of Cultured Human Oligodendrocytes.

Separate lines of evidence have demonstrated the involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and oligodendrocyte dysfunctions in schizophrenia. Here, we have carried out shotgun mass spectrometry proteome analysis of oligodendrocytes treated with the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 to gain potential insights into these effects at the molecular level. The MK-801 treatment led to alterations in the levels of 68 proteins, which are associated with seven distinct biological processes.

Employing proteomics to unravel the molecular effects of antipsychotics and their role in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is an incurable neuropsychiatric disorder managed mostly by treatment of the patients with antipsychotics. However, the efficacy of these drugs has remained only low to moderate despite intensive research efforts since the early 1950s when chlorpromazine, the first antipsychotic, was synthesized. In addition, antipsychotic treatment can produce often undesired severe side effects in the patients and addressing these remains a large unmet clinical need.