Effect of Physical Training on Exercise-Induced Inflammation and Performance in Mice.

Acute exercise increases the amount of circulating inflammatory cells and cytokines to maintain physiological homeostasis. However, it remains unclear how physical training regulates exercise-induced inflammation and performance. Here, we demonstrate that acute high intensity exercise promotes an inflammatory profile characterized by increased blood IL-6 levels, neutrophil migratory capacity, and leukocyte recruitment to skeletal muscle vessels.

Thermoregulatory responses in exercising rats: methodological aspects and relevance to human physiology.

Rats are used worldwide in experiments that aim to investigate the physiological responses induced by a physical exercise session. Changes in body temperature regulation, which may affect both the performance and the health of exercising rats, are evident among these physiological responses. Despite the universal use of rats in biomedical research involving exercise, investigators often overlook important methodological issues that hamper the accurate measurement of clear thermoregulatory responses.

Increased brain L-arginine availability facilitates cutaneous heat loss induced by running exercise.

The effects of increased brain availability of L-arginine (L-arg), a precursor for nitric oxide synthesis, on core body temperature (Tcore ) and cutaneous heat loss were evaluated in running rats. One week prior to the experiments, adult male Wistar rats received the following implants: a chronic guide cannula in the lateral cerebral ventricle and a temperature sensor in the abdominal cavity. On the day of the experiments, the rats were assigned to receive a 2-μL intracerebroventricular injection of either NaCl (0.

Hypothalamic temperature of rats subjected to treadmill running in a cold environment.

Different strategies for cooling the body prior to or during physical exercise have been shown to improve prolonged performance. Because of ethical and methodological issues, no studies conducted in humans have evaluated the changes in brain temperature promoted by cooling strategies. Therefore, our first aim sought to measure the hypothalamic temperature (Thyp) of rats subjected to treadmill running in a cold environment.

Exercise training starting at weaning age preserves cardiac pacemaker function in adulthood of diet-induced obese rats.

Peripheral sympathetic overdrive in young obese subjects contributes to further aggravation of insulin resistance, diabetes, and hypertension, thus inducing worsening clinical conditions in adulthood. Exercise training has been considered a strategy to repair obesity autonomic dysfunction, thereby reducing the cardiometabolic risk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of early exercise training, starting immediately after weaning, on cardiac autonomic control in diet-induced obese rats.

Resveratrol increases brown adipose tissue thermogenesis markers by increasing SIRT1 and energy expenditure and decreasing fat accumulation in adipose tissue of mice fed a standard diet.

Purpose: Adipose tissue is central to the regulation of energy balance. Two functionally different fat pads are present in mammals: white adipose tissue, the primary site of triglyceride storage, and brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is specialized in heat production. In this context, new strategies capable of modulating the development and function of white and BAT become relevant.

The central administration of C75, a fatty acid synthase inhibitor, activates sympathetic outflow and thermogenesis in interscapular brown adipose tissue.

The present work investigated the participation of interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), which is an important site for thermogenesis, in the anti-obesity effects of C75, a synthetic inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FAS). We report that a single intracerebroventricular (i.c.

Endurance training blocks uncoupling protein 1 up-regulation in brown adipose tissue while increasing uncoupling protein 3 in the muscle tissue of rats fed with a high-sugar diet.

The mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) of interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) and of muscles play important roles in energy balance. For instance, the expression of UCP1 and UCP3 are modulated by free fatty acid gradients induced by high-sugar diets and acute exercise that is dependent on sympathetic stimulation. However, the effects of endurance training in animals fed with high-sugar diets are unknown.

Muscarinic receptors within the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei modulate metabolic rate during physical exercise.

The involvement of muscarinic cholinoceptors within the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei (VMH) on the exercise-induced increase in oxygen consumption (VO(2)) was investigated. Rats were fitted with bilateral cannulae into the VMH for local delivery of drugs. On the day of the experiments, the animals were submitted to running exercise (20 m/min; 5% grade) until the point of fatigue.

Sinoaortic denervation prevents enhanced heat loss induced by central cholinergic stimulation during physical exercise.

The present study investigated whether the effects of central cholinergic stimulation on thermoregulation during exercise are modulated by arterial baroreceptors. Wistar rats were submitted to sinoaortic denervation (SAD) or sham denervation (SHAM) and then fitted with a chronic guide cannula into the lateral cerebral ventricle. After 2 weeks, a catheter was implanted into the ascending aorta, and a temperature sensor was implanted into the peritoneal cavity.

Thermoregulatory efficiency is increased after heat acclimation in tropical natives.

To evaluate the effects of heat acclimation on sweat rate redistribution and thermodynamic parameters, 9 tropical native volunteers were submitted to 11 days of exercise-heat exposures (40+/-0 degrees C and 45.1+/-0.2% relative humidity).

Heat and exercise acclimation increases intracellular levels of Hsp72 and inhibits exercise-induced increase in intracellular and plasma Hsp72 in humans.

In order to verify the effects of heat and exercise acclimation (HA) on resting and exercise-induced expression of plasma and leukocyte heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) in humans, nine healthy young male volunteers (25.0 ± 0.7 years; 80.

Muscarinic cholinoceptors in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus facilitate tail heat loss during physical exercise.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the participation of ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) muscarinic cholinoceptors in heat balance and central fatigue during treadmill exercise (24 m min(-1), 5% inclination). The animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (50 mg/kg body weight i.p.