Occurrence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome clinical outbreaks in Ontario sow herds, 2017 to 2019.

Background: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the important endemic diseases in swine populations. Monitoring PRRS frequency in commercial herd populations has often been based on laboratory submissions. However, a limitation of this approach is that new clinical outbreaks of PRRS are challenging to identify if epidemiological information is not provided.

Prostaglandin E2 is an unreliable biomarker for inflammation in castrated piglets: a randomized controlled trial assessing pharmaceutical drug efficiency.

Objective: To investigate the effect of intranasal (IN) flunixin meglumine (FM) and intra-inguinal (IG) lidocaine on castration inflammation using prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration as a biomarker.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in March 2022. Blood was collected at -24, 1, and 24 hours postcastration for PGE2 quantification from 195 piglets that received 1 of 8 treatments: (1) saline (1.

Efficacy of inguinal buffered lidocaine and intranasal flunixin meglumine on mitigating physiological and behavioral responses to pain in castrated piglets.

Managing castration pain on US sow farms is hindered by the lack of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved products for mitigating pain. Previous work assessing flunixin meglumine (FM) efficacy in mitigating castration pain has shown the drug to be effective in pigs, meanwhile, results from previous work evaluating lidocaine efficacy are contradictory. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of inguinal buffered lidocaine (BL) and FM in mitigating castration pain in piglets.

Altrenogest Supplementation during Early Pregnancy Improves Reproductive Outcome in Pigs.

Progesterone plays an important role in initial conceptus development and in a successful pregnancy, but results related to progesterone or its analogues (altrenogest) supplementation in early pregnancy of pigs are conflicting. The present study evaluated the effects of altrenogest supplementation in sows during days 6 and 12 of pregnancy on reproductive performance. On day 6 of pregnancy, 301 females were allocated at random to one of the following treatments: CON (Control: non-supplemented females, = 163) or ALT (females daily supplemented with 20 mg of altrenogest, orally, from day 6 to 12 of pregnancy, = 138).

Detection of Multiple Lineages of PRRSV in Breeding and Growing Swine Farms.

The detection and co-circulation of multiple variants of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) have been observed and reported in swine. However, the potential long-term impact of multiple prevailing PRRSV variants on pig-performance is not yet fully understood. The primary objective of this study was to describe the genetic variation of PRRSV in processing fluid (PF), oral fluid (OF), and tonsil scraping (TS) specimens from five swine farms with different production types and PRRS status over a period of time (~1 year).

A longitudinal study on PRRSV detection in swine herds with different demographics and PRRSV management strategies.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been one of the major health-related concerns in the swine production industry. Through its rapid transmission and mutation, the simultaneous circulation of multiple PRRSV strains can be a challenge in PRRSV diagnostic, control and surveillance. The objective of this longitudinal study was to describe the temporal detection of PRRSV in swine farms with different production types and PRRS management strategies.

Molecularly imprinted polymers as a selective sorbent for forensic applications in biological samples-a review.

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) consist of a molecular recognition technology with applicability in different areas, including forensic chemistry. Among the forensic applications, the use of MIP in biological fluid analysis has gained prominence. Biological fluids are complex samples that generally require a pre-treatment to eliminate interfering agents to improve the results of the analyses.

Assessment of exposure to influenza A viruses in pigs between weaning and market age.

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are common causes of respiratory infection in pigs. The objective of this study was to characterize the circulation of IAVs between weaning and market age on the basis of development of antibody response and molecular epidemiology of detected viruses. Two batches of weaned pigs were followed in the nursery and finisher barns with a sample of 81 and 75 pigs.

Longitudinal study of influenza A virus circulation in a nursery swine barn.

Commercial production of swine often involves raising animals in large groups through the use of multi-stage production systems. In such systems, pigs can experience different degrees of contact with animals of the same or different ages. Population size and degree of contact can greatly influence transmission of endemic pathogens, including influenza A virus (IAV).

[Environmental and anthropometric factors associated with childhood arterial hypertension].

Childhood obesity is considered pandemic with significant social and economical costs because of its high morbidity and mortality. To evaluate the association between biological and environmental factors and infantile arterial hypertension (AH), a cross-sectional study was performed with 701 children, ranging from 5 to 9 years old, from Feira de Santana, BA. The arterial pressure was measured following the criteria of the Update on the 1987 Task Force Report on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents.