Single dose of intraoperative intravenous morphine for analgesia in children undergoing tonsillectomy: Randomized, double-blind clinical trial.

Introduction: Children undergoing tonsillectomy have severe pain in the postoperative period. One of the pharmacological options for analgesia is opioids, such as morphine. However, the risks of adverse effects, such as increased recovery time from anesthesia and respiratory depression, can limit its use.

Analgesia for adenotonsillectomy in children: a comparison between peritonsillar infiltration of tramadol, ketamine, and placebo.

Introduction: Post-tonsillectomy pain is mediated by nociceptive C-fibers located at peritonsillar space. Peritonsillar infiltration of medication could relieve post-operative pain blocking the afferent via.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of peritonsillar infiltration of tramadol, ketamine, and placebo on post-operative pain in cases of adenotonsillectomy.

Tracheostomy in childhood: review of the literature on complications and mortality over the last three decades.

Introduction: Tracheostomy is a procedure with unique characteristics when used on pediatric patients due to the greater technical difficulty and higher morbidity and mortality rates relative to the procedure in adults. In recent decades, there have been significant changes in the medical care available to children, particularly for those who need intensive care. Surgical conditions have also improved, and there has been an advent of new equipment and medications.

Waist-to-height ratio distinguish obstructive sleep apnea from primary snoring in obese children.

Background: Sleep-disordered breathing is caused by the interaction of multiple factors, including tonsillar hypertrophy, retrognathia, maxillary atresia, neuromuscular abnormalities, activation of inflammatory mediator cascades, and obesity. The prevalence and severity of obesity among children and adolescents increased worldwide during recent decades and has thus become a public health concern. The aim of this study is to assess the metabolic and anthropometric changes associated with sleep-disordered breathing in obese children.

Otolaryngologic findings in prepubertal obese children with sleep-disordered breathing.

Objective: To evaluate otolaryngologic findings in obese prepubertal children with sleep-disordered breathing.

Methods: We prospectively evaluated 29 obese children referred by pediatric endocrinologist, complaining of snoring and without a history of nasal surgery or removal of the palatine tonsils and/or adenoids. Patients underwent ear, nose and throat (ENT) examination, endoscopy, measurements of weight, height, calculation of body mass index (BMI), assessment of BMI z-score and polysomnography, from which were divided into two groups: those with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (nine children) and those with primary snoring (20 children).