The Crosstalk Between Cartilage and Bone in Skeletal Growth.

While the flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, most bones in the human body are first formed as cartilage templates. Cartilage is subsequently replaced by bone via a very tightly regulated process termed endochondral ossification, which is led by chondrocytes of the growth plate (GP). This process requires continuous communication between chondrocytes and invading cell populations, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and vascular cells.

Neonatal Growth, Nutrition, and Neurodevelopment: A Complex Relationship.

Growth in the neonatal period is critical for the neurodevelopment of the individual, both in low- and middle-income countries [...

Clinical characteristics, health care resource utilization and direct medical costs of Rotavirus hospitalizations in Spain (2013-2018).

Rotavirus (RV) is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis (GE) in infants and young children worldwide and is associated with a significant clinical and economic burden. The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics, healthcare resource utilization and the direct medical costs related to RVGE hospitalizations in Spain. An observational, multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2013 to May 2018 at the pediatric departments of 12 hospitals from different Spanish regions.

New clinical and seasonal evidence of infections by Human Parainfluenzavirus.

Human Parainfluenzaviruses (PIVs) account for a significant proportion of viral acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children, and are also associated with morbidity and mortality in adults, including nosocomial infections. This work aims to describe PIV genotypes and their clinical and epidemiological distribution. Between December 2016 and December 2017, 6121 samples were collected, and submitted to viral culture and genomic quantification, specifically Parainfluenza 1-4 (PIV1-4), Influenza A and B, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) A and B, Adenovirus, Metapneumovirus, Coronavirus, Rhinovirus, and Enterovirus.

Effects of growth hormone treatment on growth plate, bone, and mineral metabolism of young rats with uremia induced by adenine.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.

Effects of growth hormone treatment on growth plate, bone, and mineral metabolism of young rats with uremia induced by adenine.

BackgroundIn a model of growth retardation secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD) induced by adenine, this study explores the effects of growth hormone (GH) therapy on growth plate and mineral metabolism.MethodsWeaning female rats receiving a 0.5% adenine diet during 21 days, untreated (AD) or treated with GH (ADGH) for 1 week, were compared with control rats receiving normal diet, either ad libitum or pair-fed with AD animals.

Chronic kidney disease induced by adenine: a suitable model of growth retardation in uremia.

Growth retardation is a major manifestation of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in pediatric patients. The involvement of the various pathogenic factors is difficult to evaluate in clinical studies. Here, we present an experimental model of adenine-induced CKD for the study of growth failure.

Pediatricians' attitudes and costs of bronchiolitis in the emergency department: a prospective multicentre study.

Background: How pediatricians manage bronchiolitis and the derived total costs (direct and indirect) in the emergency department (ED) have not been fully characterized. The aim of the present study is to calculate those costs in a European country.

Methods: A prospective and observational study, including 10 EDs of tertiary hospitals throughout Spain and during the bronchiolitis season 2010-2011, was performed.

Growth hormone improves growth retardation induced by rapamycin without blocking its antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects on rat growth plate.

Rapamycin, an immunosuppressant agent used in renal transplantation with antitumoral properties, has been reported to impair longitudinal growth in young individuals. As growth hormone (GH) can be used to treat growth retardation in transplanted children, we aimed this study to find out the effect of GH therapy in a model of young rat with growth retardation induced by rapamycin administration. Three groups of 4-week-old rats treated with vehicle (C), daily injections of rapamycin alone (RAPA) or in combination with GH (RGH) at pharmacological doses for 1 week were compared.

Rapamycin induces growth retardation by disrupting angiogenesis in the growth plate.

Rapamycin, a potent immunosuppressant used in renal transplantation, has been reported to impair longitudinal growth in experimental studies. Rapamycin is both antiproliferative and antiangiogenic; therefore, it has the potential to disrupt vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) action in the growth plate and to interfere with insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) signaling. To further investigate the mechanisms of rapamycin action on longitudinal growth, we gave the 4-week-old rats rapamycin daily for two weeks.

Alterations of growth plate and abnormal insulin-like growth factor I metabolism in growth-retarded hypokalemic rats: effect of growth hormone treatment.

Hypokalemic tubular disorders may lead to growth retardation which is resistant to growth hormone (GH) treatment. The mechanism of these alterations is unknown. Weaning female rats were grouped (n = 10) in control, potassium-depleted (KD), KD treated with intraperitoneal GH at 3.

Differential gene expression induced by growth hormone treatment in the uremic rat growth plate.

Objectives: Treatment with growth hormone (GH) improves growth retardation of chronic renal failure. cDNA microarrays were used to investigate GH-induced modifications in gene expression in the tibial growth plate of young rats.

Design: RNA was extracted from the tibial growth plate from two groups, untreated and treated with GH, of young rats made uremic by subtotal nephrectomy (n=10).