Polyamines (PAs) but not small peptides with closely spaced positively charged groups interact with DNA and RNA, but they do not represent a relevant buffer system at physiological pH values.

Polyamines (PAs) including putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM) are small, versatile molecules with two or more positively charged amino groups. Despite their importance for almost all forms of life, their specific roles in molecular and cellular biology remain partly unknown. The molecular structures of PAs suggest two presumable biological functions: (i) as potential buffer systems and (ii) as interactants with poly-negatively charged molecules like nucleic acids.

Intravascular lithotripsy-assisted percutaneous deep vein arterialization for no-option chronic limb-threatening patients and heavily calcified tibial occlusive disease.

Purpose: To report the first chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) patients who underwent an intravascular lithotripsy (IVL)-assisted percutaneous deep vein arterialization (pDVA).

Case Report 1: An 81-year-old patient presented with CLTI and a heavily calcified lesion of the popliteal artery and tibioperoneal trunk (TPT), with a distal tibial and foot arch occlusion. The patient underwent IVL and drug-coated balloon angioplasty for the distal popliteal artery and of the TPT to improve the inflow prior to pDVA.

Autoimmune processes in neurological patients are much more common than presently suspected.

Autoimmune encephalitides are seldom diseases. How rare they actually are, however, is not known. The low incidence combined with the problematic identification may dampen efforts of neurologists, to identify patients with unclear symptoms as suffering from autoimmune encephalitis.

As Verified with the Aid of Biotinylated Spermine, the Brain Cannot Take up Polyamines from the Bloodstream Leaving It Solely Dependent on Local Biosynthesis.

The importance of polyamines (PAs) for the central nervous system (CNS) is well known. Less clear, however, is where PAs in the brain are derived from. Principally, there are three possibilities: (i) intake by nutrition, release into the bloodstream, and subsequent uptake from CNS capillaries, (ii) production by parenchymatous organs, such as the liver, and again uptake from CNS capillaries, and (iii) uptake of precursors, such as arginine, from the blood and subsequent local biosynthesis of PAs within the CNS.

Unique Chemistry, Intake, and Metabolism of Polyamines in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Its Body.

Polyamines (PAs) are small, versatile molecules with two or more nitrogen-containing positively charged groups and provide widespread biological functions. Most of these aspects are well known and covered by quite a number of excellent surveys. Here, the present review includes novel aspects and questions: (1) It summarizes the role of most natural and some important synthetic PAs.

Accuracy of device landing zone calcium volume measurement with contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography.

Background: The extent of aortic valve calcification is an important determinant of procedural success in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We sought to validate device landing zone calcium volume (DLZ-CV) measurements on contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) with non-contrast-enhanced scans as reference.

Methods: We determined DLZ-CV in 141 patients undergoing transfemoral TAVI.